Development and application of an empirical formula for the high temperature behavior of ferroelectric ceramics switched by electric field at room temperature

Abstract

The strain changes during temperature rise of a poled lead titanate zirconate rectangular parallelepiped switched by electric field at room temperature are obtained by integrating thermal expansion coefficients that are measured using an invar-specimen. By estimating and analyzing pyroelectric and thermal expansion coefficients, first-order differential equations are constructed for polarization and strain changes during temperature increase. The solutions to the differential equations are found and used to calculate the high temperature behavior of the materials. It is shown that the predictions are well compared with measured responses. Finally, the developed formulae are applied to calculate strain butterfly loops from a polarization hysteresis loop at a high temperature.

Thermal properties and remnant state variables of ferroelectric ceramics switched by both electric field and compressive stress at room temperature

“…For more details, please refer to Ji and Kim. [26][27][28] The temperature of specimen is increased by immersing it into a bath of transformer oil (Michang Oil Industry MICTRANS Class1-No2) and controlling the temperature of oil by an electric heat coil installed at the bottom plate of the oil bath and a temperature control unit (Eurotherm 2408 PID controller). As the electric coil is heated, oil circulates in the oil bath.…”

“…By fitting straight lines or quadratic curves to the data points of thermal expansion coefficients and remnant state variables, they predicted the behavior of thermal properties and remnant state variables at high temperatures. In addition to this, Ji and Kim [28][29][30] have made several efforts of developing experiment-based formulae to predict high temperature behavior of ferroelectric ceramics.…”

Nonlinear behavior of ferroelectric ceramics during mechanical depolarization at room and high temperatures: experiment and prediction by an experimental formula

“…(3), let's turn to the discussion of strain. As demonstrated by Ji and Kim,18) the strain changes during temperature increase are obtained by measuring and integrating the thermal expansion coefficients. To measure the thermal expansion coefficient ¡ S of a ferroelectric specimen, strain gauges are attached to the ferroelectric specimen and an invar specimen.…”

Discharge characteristics of pre‐polarized doped lead zirconate titanate under impact at room and high temperature

“…The establishment of the constitutive model of PZT requires a clear understanding of how it exhibits linear or nonlinear discharge characteristics under impact and high temperature. 8 The domain switch behavior of PZT at a high temperature and different constant stresses has attracted widespread attention. Researchers have paid more and more attention to the phase transition temperature of piezoelectric materials.…”