“…Numerous engineering applications such as engine piston, cylinder liner, bearings, bushes, brake drums, brake disks, gears, tubes, and pipes require specific properties [1,2]. The adequate performance of these components, which is not possible by conventional (pure metals, alloys) and traditional composite materials, can be achieved by using functionally graded materials (FGMs) [3][4][5]. The ceramics properties included high wear-resistant, frictional resistance, brittleness, and having high melting temperature, and metals are ductile and possessing high mechanical strength [6,7].…”