Development and application of simplified continuous hydrologic modeling for drainage design and analysis

Jackson, C. Rhett; Burges, Stephen J.; Liang, Xu; Leytham, K. M.; Whiting, K.; Hartley, David; Crawford, Curt W.; Johnson, Bruce N.; Horner, Richard R.

doi:10.1029/ws002p0039

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This large retention was probably due to the high infiltration rate of undisturbed forest soils and drier soil conditions (thus higher available water storage) caused by higher ET (Kovnee, 1954;Whitehead and Robinson, 1993). When properly sized and positioned in high density development, storm water retention ponds can provide benefits that reduce stormflow and improve water quality (Jackson et al, 2001;Jacob and Lopez, 2009). Detention ponds and wet/dry swales that incorporate wetland functions and urban forest features, including streamside management zones can provide both ecological and engineering benefits.…”

Section: Watershed Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization alters watershed hydrology in the Piedmont of North Carolina

Boggs

Sun

2011

Ecohydrology

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The ecohydrologic effects of urbanization that is dominated by forests clearing are not well understood in the southeastern United States. We utilized long-term monitoring data to quantify the annual water balance, stormflow characteristics, and seasonal flow patterns of an urbanized watershed (UR) (0Ð70 km 2 ) and compared it to a fully forested watershed (FOR) (2Ð95 km 2 ) in central North Carolina. The goal of this study was to assess how past urbanization altered watershed hydrology and to offer reference data for urban watershed planning. The mean annual discharge coefficient (discharge/precipitation) in the UR and FOR from 2000 to 2007 was 0Ð42 and 0Ð24, respectively. The UR generated about 75% more stormflow than the FOR. The UR had a lower mean evapotranspiration (ET) rate (58%) than the FOR (77%). Peakflow rates and stormflow volume of the UR were higher (e.g. 76Ð6 mm/day versus 5Ð8 mm/day for peakflow rate and 77Ð9 mm/day versus 7Ð1 mm/day for stormflow volume) than the FOR, especially during the growing season. Growing season precipitation minus discharge normalized by precipitation (P Q)/P (i.e. normalized ET š change in water storage) was higher in the FOR compared to the UR. Differences between the two watersheds occurred mostly during the growing season and became smaller during the dormant season. We conclude that intensive urbanization elevated watershed peakflow rates and annual discharge volumes partially due to reduction in ET during the growing season. Maintaining ET capacity of vegetation in an urbanizing watershed is important in development planning for reducing stormflow and watershed degradation. Published 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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Section: Watershed Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization alters watershed hydrology in the Piedmont of North Carolina

Boggs

Sun

2011

Ecohydrology

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“…This work has found no evidence that the impacts of urban development can be fully alleviated; in other words, there are no examples, in this or any other study, of sites that would fall into the upper right corner of Figure 9b. People routinely underestimate the levels of mitigation needed to truly restore streams (Barker et al, 1991;Booth and Jackson, 1997;Jackson et al, 2001). Even if restoration were technically possible, people are unlikely to commit enough money or to commit to wholesale changes in land use in highly urbanized areas.…”

Section: Synthesis and Management Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

REVIVING URBAN STREAMS: LAND USE, HYDROLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR¹

Booth¹,

Karr²,

Schauman³

et al. 2004

J American Water Resour Assoc

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222

159

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Successful stream rehabilitation requires a shift from narrow analysis and management to integrated understanding of the links between human actions and changing river health. At study sites in the Puget Sound lowlands of western Washington State, landscape, hydrological, and biological conditions were evaluated for streams flowing through watersheds with varying levels of urban development. At all spatial scales, stream biological condition measured by the benthic index of biological integrity (B‐IBI) declined as impervious area increased. Impervious area alone, however, is a flawed surrogate of river health. Hydrologic metrics that reflect chronic altered streamflows, for example, provide a direct mechanistic link between the changes associated with urban development and declines in stream biological condition. These measures provide a more sensitive understanding of stream basin response to urban development than do treatment of each increment of impervious area equally. Land use in residential backyards adjacent to streams also heavily influences stream condition. Successful stream rehabilitation thus requires coordinated diagnosis of the causes of degradation and integrative management to treat the range of ecological stressors within each urban area, and it depends on remedies appropriate at scales from backyards to regional storm water systems.

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“…In response to this need, watershed modeling has shifted from single complex comprehensive models to modular systems with multiple simple model components (Leavesley et al. , 1996a,b; Jackson et al. , 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an increasing need for spatially explicit models with less intensive data requirements. In response to this need, watershed modeling has shifted from single complex comprehensive models to modular systems with multiple simple model components (Leavesley et al, 1996a,b;Jackson et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Modular Modeling of Water and Nutrients From Point and Nonpoint Sources in the Patuxent River Watershed¹

Liu

Weller

Jordan

et al. 2008

J American Water Resour Assoc

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We present a simple modular landscape simulation model that is based on a watershed modeling framework in which different sets of processes occurring in a watershed can be simulated separately with different models. The model consists of three loosely coupled submodels: a rainfall-runoff model (TOPMODEL) for runoff generation in a subwatershed, a nutrient model for estimation of nutrients from nonpoint sources in a subwatershed, and a stream network model for integration of point and nonpoint sources in the routing process. The model performance was evaluated using monitoring data in the watershed of the Patuxent River, a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland, from July 1997 through August 1999. Despite its simplicity, the landscape model predictions of streamflow, and sediment and nutrient loads were as good as or better than those of the Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran model, one of the most widely used comprehensive watershed models. The landscape model was applied to predict discharges of water, sediment, silicate, organic carbon, nitrate, ammonium, organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, organic phosphorus, phosphate, and total phosphorus from the Patuxent watershed to its estuary. The predicted annual water discharge to the estuary was very close to the measured annual total in terms of percent errors for both years of the study period (£2%). The model predictions for loads of nutrients were also good (20-30%) or very good (<20%) with exceptions of sediment (40%), phosphate (36%), and organic carbon (53%) for Year 1.

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Development and application of simplified continuous hydrologic modeling for drainage design and analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Urbanization alters watershed hydrology in the Piedmont of North Carolina

Urbanization alters watershed hydrology in the Piedmont of North Carolina

REVIVING URBAN STREAMS: LAND USE, HYDROLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR¹

Integrated Modular Modeling of Water and Nutrients From Point and Nonpoint Sources in the Patuxent River Watershed¹

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Development and application of simplified continuous hydrologic modeling for drainage design and analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Urbanization alters watershed hydrology in the Piedmont of North Carolina

Urbanization alters watershed hydrology in the Piedmont of North Carolina

REVIVING URBAN STREAMS: LAND USE, HYDROLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR1

Integrated Modular Modeling of Water and Nutrients From Point and Nonpoint Sources in the Patuxent River Watershed1

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Product

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REVIVING URBAN STREAMS: LAND USE, HYDROLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR¹

Integrated Modular Modeling of Water and Nutrients From Point and Nonpoint Sources in the Patuxent River Watershed¹