Development and applicational evaluation of the rigid polyurethane foam composites with egg shell waste

Zieleniewska, Milena; Leszczyński, Michał K.; Szczepkowski, Leonard; Bryśkiewicz, Anna; Krzyżowska, Małgorzata; Bień, Karolina; Ryszkowska, Joanna

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.02.030

Cited by 130 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Egg-shell waste is potentially a suitable candidate for an ecological filler material for reinforced biopolymeric composites owing to improving their mechanical properties and the heat stability [1]. Egg-shells contain about 95 % of calcium carbonate (calcite) and 5 % of organic materials such as sulphated polysaccharides, type X collagen and other proteins [1; 15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production of hen eggs on an industrial level leads to an essential amount of shells, which are regarded as waste or they are used as a supplement in agriculture. Generally, it can be said that the egg-shells are of no economic value [1]. However, they are rich in minerals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This material can be regarded [2] as a source of the calcium filler. Many studies proved their positive influence [1] as an ingredient in various products. It has been demonstrated that using lowcost materials and a relatively simple process complex supports with a mixed inorganic-organic structure can be synthesized [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Egg-shells represent ca. 11 % of the total mass of eggs [1] and they are available as the waste in huge amounts, namely in food industry. The production of hazelnuts can be regarded as analogous waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coulomb's friction in the interface of the matrix and fibres [6; 17; 18]. There is a logical requirement for the highest strength and creating corresponding mutual interaction [6].Egg-shell waste is potentially a suitable candidate for an ecological filler material for reinforced biopolymeric composites owing to improving their mechanical properties and the heat stability [1]. Egg-shells contain about 95 % of calcium carbonate (calcite) and 5 % of organic materials such as sulphated polysaccharides, type X collagen and other proteins [1; 15].…”

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Polymeric particle composites based on filler from hen egg-shells

Petrásek

Müller

2017

Engineering for Rural Development

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Abstract. The paper deals with utilization of a by-product from the food industry, namely waste coming into being at processing hen eggs, i.e. egg-shells. Polymeric particle composites, i.e. structural two-component epoxy resins CHS EPOXY 324 Lepox 1200 filled with microparticles from hen egg-shells of 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt. % concentrations, were used within the research. The aim of the research was to evaluate the possibilities of the use of the microparticles based on hen egg-shells as the filler in the structural two-component resin. Another aim was to determine the influence of the filler content in the structure of the composite material on the mechanical properties, i.e. the tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness. The tensile strength was increased of 22 % at 10 wt. % egg-shell microparticle filler. The elongation at break was decreased with increasing the filler weight up of 34.5 %. The influence of the filler on the hardness was not statistically proved, however, the filler proved good wettability with the matrix. A scanning electron microscopy MIRA 3 TESCAN (SEM) was used for the description of the created composite material. The research was based on an assumption of an optimization of the waste utilization from renewable resources with the aim to gain a material providing good mechanical properties. The egg-shell microparticle filler proved the effectivity in the area of filling two-component epoxy resin also at high concentrations, i.e. to 40 wt. %.Keywords: composite, egg-shell microparticles, elongation at break, hardness, tensile strength. IntroductionThe paper deals with utilization of a by-product from the food industry, namely waste coming into being at processing hen eggs. The production of hen eggs on an industrial level leads to an essential amount of shells, which are regarded as waste or they are used as a supplement in agriculture. Generally, it can be said that the egg-shells are of no economic value [1]. However, they are rich in minerals. This material can be regarded [2] as a source of the calcium filler. Many studies proved their positive influence [1] as an ingredient in various products. It has been demonstrated that using lowcost materials and a relatively simple process complex supports with a mixed inorganic-organic structure can be synthesized [3]. The recent research has been focused on development of biological composites where a matrix or a reinforcement is of a biological essence [4][5][6][7]. At present composites containing the biological reinforcement based on waste, i.e. the by-product from the manufacturing industry, [4] have been developed. A natural based material can be defined as a product made from renewable agricultural and forestry feedstock, including crops and crop by-products and their residues [8]. Biocomposites are also made with the use of various other ingredients, e.g., feather, cellulose fibres, coconut, flax, sisal, Ensete ventricosum, seeds of Phoenix, rice -husk, jute etc [1; 5; 6; 9-14] .About several hundred thousand tons of egg-shell ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymeric particle composites based on filler from hen egg-shells

Petrásek

Müller

2017

Engineering for Rural Development

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Forest‐based resources as fillers in biobased polyurethane foams

Delucis

Magalhães

Petzhold

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Six fillers from forestry wastes (wood, bark, cones and needles from young pine trees, kraft lignin, and recycled paper sludge from industry wastes) were incorporated into polyurethane (PU)‐based foams prepared via free‐rise pouring method. Variable filler contents (1, 5, and 10 wt %) and NCO/OH ratios (0.6, 0.9, and 1.2) were investigated. A simple mixture (1:3) of castor oil and crude glycerin (byproduct from biodiesel production) was used as biobased polyol. The foam composites were investigated through spectroscopy, morphological, mechanical, and hygroscopic analyses. The addition of fillers decreased water uptake and yielded rigid PU systems with more homogenous cell structure. The 1% and 5% reinforcement wood were the most effective among the studied compositions, with better mechanical and hygroscopic performance, probably due the higher compatibility of the wood with the PU system, which promote urethanic bonds between filler and isocyanate, as indicated by wet chemical results and micrographs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45684.

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Flame retardancy of ceramic‐based rigid polyurethane foam composites

Agrawal

Kaur

Walia

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, ceramic fillers zirconia and alumina powder were incorporated in the rigid polyurethane foams derived from modified castor oil and their impact on the mechanical, thermal, and fire performances of composite foams have been analyzed. It was observed that the addition of ceramic filler showed improved mechanical and thermal properties and best properties were shown by 6% zirconia with compressive strength of 6.61 MPa and flexural strength of 5.72 MPa. Zirconia also demonstrated an increase in T5% up to 260 °C. Cone calorimetry shows a decrease in peak of heat release from 118 to 84 kW m−2 and 94 kW m−2 by the incorporation of alumina and zirconia powder, respectively. Furthermore, total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke release (TSR) were also found to decrease remarkably on the incorporation of ceramic fillers. So, these fillers have a great potential as an additive to incorporate good mechanical, thermal, and fire properties in bio‐based rigid PU foams. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48250.

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Development and applicational evaluation of the rigid polyurethane foam composites with egg shell waste

Cited by 130 publications

References 25 publications

Polymeric particle composites based on filler from hen egg-shells

Polymeric particle composites based on filler from hen egg-shells

Forest‐based resources as fillers in biobased polyurethane foams

Flame retardancy of ceramic‐based rigid polyurethane foam composites

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