Development and Approval of Automated Vehicles: Considerations of Technical, Legal, and Economic Risks

Area-wide real-world test scenarios of poor visibility for safe development of automated vehicles

“…There are four ASIL levels defined: ASIL A, ASIL B, ASIL C and ASIL D, where ASIL A is the lowest and ASIL D is the highest requirement. Either rating of ASIL B or ASIL C with a recommended probability of occurrence lower than 10 − 7 per hour -corresponds to a rate of 100 FIT) [17].…”

“…Control units or sensors have to be sufficiently protected though robust design. Any single failure must not close down any other safety-related functions (International Organization for Standardization, ISO 26262) [17].…”

“…The aim is to focus on global technical harmonization of legislation, ethics, standards and tests (see Fig. 3) [17].…”

“…Fig. 3 Standards for different automation levels (high and full automation = outer oval) illustrated based on driving tasks (ADAS = blue oval) [17] If a traffic accident happens and a road accident report is to be made, all evidence and indications relevant to the accident that may be relevant for criminal proceedings or fines must be saved as far as possible for reconstruction. Of particular importance are the type and severity of injuries, the position of injured persons and their ability to drive or deceased persons.…”

“…According to the real-world scenarios, a safe shutdown strategy with appropriate warnings must be designed that takes the operating conditions into account. Based on these findings, the development for automated vehicle functions as a V-Model focuses on the efficient exchange of expert knowledge and the safety process, which are depicted in the diagram [17]. …”