Development and assessment of DArT markers in triticale

Abstract

Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittm.) is a hybrid derived by crossing wheat (Triticum sp.) and rye (Secale sp.). Till date, only a limited number of simple sequence repeat (SSRs) markers have been used in triticale molecular analyses and there is a need to identify dedicated high-throughput molecular markers to better exploit this crop. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers in triticale. DArT marker technology offers a high level of multiplexing. Development of new markers from triticale accessions was combined with mining the large collection of previously developed markers in rye and wheat. Three genotyping arrays were used to analyze a collection of 144 triticale accessions. The polymorphism level ranged from 8.6 to 23.8% for wheat and rye DArT markers, respectively. Among the polymorphic markers, rye markers were the most abundant (3,109) followed by wheat (2,214) and triticale (719). The mean polymorphism information content values were 0.34 for rye DArT markers and 0.37 for those from triticale and wheat. High correlation was observed between similarity matrices derived from rye, triticale, wheat and combined marker sets, as well as for the cophenetic values matrices. Cluster analysis revealed genetic relationships among the accessions consistent with the agronomic and pedigree information available. The newly developed triticale DArT markers as well as those originated from rye and wheat provide high quality markers that can be used for diversity analyses and might be exploited in a range of molecular breeding and genomics applications in triticale.

Genome-wide evaluation of genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium in winter and spring triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack)

“…The DArT markers used in this study have been assessed as an efficient tool to investigate genetic diversity in triticale [30] and in addition have been mapped to an integrated linkage map [18]. We found that the first principal coordinate, which explains 16.7% of the genetic variance, clearly separates the winter and the spring types (Figure 1A).…”

“…Our study was based on a set of 161 diverse triticale lines of worldwide origin including those used in a recent study by Badea et al [30]. Genome-wide DArT marker data were used to assess the population structure by a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on the modified Rogers’ distances of the individuals.…”

“…In this study we used the previously reported triticale-specific DArT array combining markers developed in wheat, rye and triticale [30] to analyze population structure as well as the extent and the pattern of LD in a worldwide set of triticale lines. In particular the objectives of this study were to (i) investigate the population structure and genome-wide genetic diversity in a set of 161 winter and spring triticale lines, (ii) determine the extent and pattern of LD, and (iii) to draw conclusions on the prospects of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in triticale.…”

Development of DArT markers and assessment of diversity in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, wilt pathogen of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

“…The advantage of using these DArT markers is that they can simultaneously type several thousand loci in a single array and provide a cost-effective and sequence independent tool for whole genome fingerprinting [14]. The DArT technology has been applied to a number of plants and animals [16, 18–20]. However, no information is available on any plant pathogen till date.…”

Changes in gene expression patterns associated with microspore embryogenesis in hexaploid triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.)

“…is a very promising crop candidate for modern agricultural systems, especially bio-organic and sustainable farming. The continued growth of the economic importance of this cereal generates a strong interest in its genetics and genome organisation and in biotechnological tools which can be used for its further improvement (Góral et al 2005;Tams et al 2005;Alheit et al 2011;Badea et al 2011;Tyrka et al 2011;Krzewska et al 2012;. Among others, the process termed 'microspore embryogenesis' (ME) or 'androgenesis', as a method for fast production of totally homozygotic, doubled haploid (DH) lines, can significantly accelerate breeding progress.…”