Development and biological evaluation of Ti6Al7Nb scaffold implants coated with gentamycin-saturated bacterial cellulose biomaterial

Abstract

Herein we present an innovative method of coating the surface of Titanium-Aluminium-Niobium bone scaffold implants with bacterial cellulose (BC) polymer saturated with antibiotic. Customized Ti6Al7Nb scaffolds manufactured using Selective Laser Melting were immersed in a suspension of Komagataeibacter xylinus bacteria which displays an ability to produce a 3-dimensional structure of bio-cellulose polymer. The process of complete implant coating with BC took on average 7 days. Subsequently, the BC matrix was cleansed by means of alkaline lysis and saturated with gentamycin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that BC adheres and penetrates into the implant scaffold structure. The viability and development of the cellular layer on BC micro-structure were visualized by means of confocal microscopy. The BC-coated implants displayed a significantly lower cytotoxicity against osteoblast and fibroblast cell cultures in vitro in comparison to non-coated implants. It was also noted that gentamycin released from BC-coated implants inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus cultures in vitro, confirming the suitability of such implant modification for preventing hostile microbial colonization. As demonstrated using digital microscopy, the procedure used for implant coating and BC chemical cleansing did not flaw the biomaterial structure. The results presented herein are of high translational value with regard to future use of customized, BC-coated and antibiotic-saturated implants designed for use in orthopedic applications to speed up recovery and to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal infections.

The Nanofication and Functionalization of Bacterial Cellulose and Its Applications

“…Gentamycin is also a widely used drug in the treatment of bone infection, and it is a substance designed for use in bone recovery. Dydak et al [143] reported that gentamycin-modified BC showed very low cytotoxicity and was able to inhibit the proliferation of the bone pathogen, S. aureus. This modification strategy allows us to meet the demands of implantology and has high suitability for orthopedic applications.…”

Potential of Bacterial Cellulose Chemisorbed with Anti-Metabolites, 3-Bromopyruvate or Sertraline, to Fight against Helicobacter pylori Lawn Biofilm

“…Moreover, BC’s chemical composition is identical with composition of plant cellulose and is not digested in harsh environment of stomach [ 30 ]. Our team has already shown the suitability of BC chemisorbed with antibiotics and antiseptics to fight against biofilms formed by pathogens responsible for infections of wounds [ 31 ], bones [ 32 , 33 , 34 ], and oral cavity [ 35 ]. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the usability of BC chemisorbed with 3-BP and SER to act against biofilm of H. pylori .…”

Enhanced Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Activity of Selective Laser Melting Titanium with Zinc-Doped Micro-Nano Topography

“…Bacteria can not only aggregate on the implant surface, forming a biofilm and resisting antibacterial treatment, but also impede osseointegration and form alveolar absorption [21]. In order to enhance the antibacterial properties of biomaterials, various modification strategies have been applied, such as the loading of antibiotics, cross-linking of drugs, and construction of micro-nano topography [12,22,23]. Although antibacterial properties have improved, few methods with a focus on improving both osteogenesis and antibacterial properties have been reported.…”