Development and biological properties of a new live attenuated mumps vaccine

Saika, Shizuko; Kidokoro, Minoru; Kubonoya, Hiroko; Ito, Kozo; Ohkawa, Tokitada; Aoki, Athuko; Nagata, Noriyo; Suzuki, Kota

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2006.01.004

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…After rooting, half of the plants were moved into a growth chamber (24 °C and a 16-h light period) and the other half were moved into a second chamber (same growth conditions) in which they were irradiated 10 min/d with an ultraviolet C light (UVC) germicidal lamp (Phillips G36T8; maximal output at 253.7 nm; dose 2 J/cm 2 ). The negative impact of UVC radiation on the in vivo replication and accumulation of RNA viruses (e.g., [21–23]) and viroids [24] has been known for several decades. UVC irradiation of RNA results in a variety of products, including uridine photohydrates and pyrimidine photodimers [25,26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fittest versus the Flattest: Experimental Confirmation of the Quasispecies Effect with Subviral Pathogens

et al. 2006

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The “survival of the fittest” is the paradigm of Darwinian evolution in which the best-adapted replicators are favored by natural selection. However, at high mutation rates, the fittest organisms are not necessarily the fastest replicators but rather are those that show the greatest robustness against deleterious mutational effects, even at the cost of a low replication rate. This scenario, dubbed the “survival of the flattest”, has so far only been shown to operate in digital organisms. We show that “survival of the flattest” can also occur in biological entities by analyzing the outcome of competition between two viroid species coinfecting the same plant. Under optimal growth conditions, a viroid species characterized by fast population growth and genetic homogeneity outcompeted a viroid species with slow population growth and a high degree of variation. In contrast, the slow-growth species was able to outcompete the fast species when the mutation rate was increased. These experimental results were supported by an in silico model of competing viroid quasispecies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fittest versus the Flattest: Experimental Confirmation of the Quasispecies Effect with Subviral Pathogens

et al. 2006

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“…Later this virus was used as oncolysate to treat a variety of cancers [23]. However, since the live Urabe vaccine strain causes CNS complications in up to 1% of vaccinated individuals, more attenuated strains have been developed, the newest not yet tested in cancer targeting [162]. One of the characterized mumps viruses, the live attenuated vaccine strain S79, shows promise as an oncolytic vehicle based on its selective infection of cancer cells in vitro and significant tumor inhibition in nude mice [163].…”

Section: Paramyxovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncolytic viruses in cancer therapy

2007

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Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising form of gene therapy for cancer, employing nature's own agents to find and destroy malignant cells. The purpose of this review is to provide an introduction to this very topical field of research and to point out some of the current observations, insights and ideas circulating in the literature. We have strived to acknowledge as many different oncolytic viruses as possible to give a broader picture of targeting cancer using viruses. Some of the newest additions to the panel of oncolytic viruses include the avian adenovirus, foamy virus, myxoma virus, yaba-like disease virus, echovirus type 1, bovine herpesvirus 4, Saimiri virus, feline panleukopenia virus, Sendai virus and the non-human coronaviruses. Although promising, virotherapy still faces many obstacles that need to be addressed, including the emergence of virus-resistant tumor cells.

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“…The traditional method for developing live attenuated mumps vaccine is through continuous low-temperature passages in chicken embryo cells to identify an optimized viral strain with reduced virulence but sufficient immunogenicity (Buynak and Hilleman 1966). In addition, Japanese researchers developed several temperaturestable mutants among clinically isolated viral strains by nitrosoguanidine and ultraviolet light (Saika et al 2006). However, these strategies are complicated and timeconsuming and the resultant mutants are often unstable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Improved Mumps Vaccine Candidates by Mutating Viral mRNA Cap Methyltransferase Sites in the Large Polymerase Protein

et al. 2020

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Although a live attenuated vaccine is available for controlling mumps virus (MuV), mumps still outbreaks frequently worldwide. The attenuated MuV vaccine strain S79 is widely used in mumps vaccination in China, but still with many shortcomings, among which the most prominent are the side effects and decreased immunity. Therefore, there is a need to further improve the safety and efficacy of the current MuV vaccine. In the present study, we further attenuated MuV S79 vaccine strain by inhibiting viral mRNA methyltransferase (MTase). We generated a panel of eight recombinant MuVs (rMuVs) carrying mutations in the MTase catalytic site or S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) binding site in the large (L) polymerase protein. These rMuVs are genetically stable and seven rMuVs are more attenuated in replication in cell culture and five rMuVs are more attenuated in replication in lungs of cotton rats compared with the parental vaccine strain S79. Importantly, cotton rats vaccinated with these seven rMuV mutants produced high levels of serum neutralizing antibodies and were completely protected against challenge with a wild-type MuV strain (genotype F). Therefore, our results demonstrate that alteration in the MTase catalytic site or SAM binding site in MuV L protein improves the safety or the immunogenicity of the MuV vaccine and thus mRNA cap MTase may be an effective target for the development of new vaccine candidates for MuV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12250-020-00326-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Development and biological properties of a new live attenuated mumps vaccine

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

The Fittest versus the Flattest: Experimental Confirmation of the Quasispecies Effect with Subviral Pathogens

The Fittest versus the Flattest: Experimental Confirmation of the Quasispecies Effect with Subviral Pathogens

Oncolytic viruses in cancer therapy

Development of Improved Mumps Vaccine Candidates by Mutating Viral mRNA Cap Methyltransferase Sites in the Large Polymerase Protein

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