Development and Characterization of Bioadsorbents Derived from Different Agricultural Wastes for Water Reclamation: A Review

Abstract

The presence of dangerous pollutants in different water sources has restricted the availability of this natural resource. Thus, the development of new low-cost and environmentally-friendly technologies is currently required to ensure access to clean water. Various approaches to the recovery of contaminated water have been considered, including the generation of biomaterials with adsorption capacity for dangerous compounds. Research on bioadsorbents has boomed in recent years, as they constitute one of the most sustainable options for water treatment thanks to their abundance and high cellulose content. Thanks to the vast amount of information published to date, the present review addresses the current status of different biosorbents and the principal processes and characterization methods involved, focusing on base biomaterials such as fruits and vegetables, grains and seeds, and herbage and forage. In comparison to other reviews, this work reports more than 60 adsorbents obtained from agricultural wastes. The removal efficiencies and/or maximum adsorption capacities for heavy metals, industrial contaminants, nutrients and pharmaceuticals are presented as well. In addition to the valuable information provided in the literature investigation, challenges and perspectives concerning the implementation of bioadsorbents are discussed in order to comprehensively guide selection of the most suitable biomaterials according to the target contaminant and the available biowastes.

Valorization of Pineapple Residues from the Colombian Agroindustry to Produce Cellulose Nanofibers

“…In this sense, the availability of biopolymers, due to their abundance and accessibility in nature and their low cost, have led to their use in different interesting applications [3,4]. A clear example of biopolymers with these advantages is cellulose [3,[5][6][7].…”

“…Cellulose contains amorphous regions in its structure that are susceptible to acid attack and allow the formation of nanofibrils [6]. These nanofibrils show excellent water dispersibility and are easy to obtain, handle, and shape.…”

Utilization of date pits derived Bio-adsorbent for heavy metals in wastewater treatment: Review

“…Activated carbon is greatly used for the removal of various pollutants and is widely regarded as a universal adsorbent for effluent treatment. Activated carbon has been recommended as a viable adsorbent due to its high adsorption capacity, small particle sizes, maximum internal surface area, and high porosity [32][33]. Despite this, because of its high production costs, it was unable to be used as an adsorbent for extensive water treatment.…”

“…There are many techniques used to understand the physical and chemical properties of bio-adsorbents, their adsorption capacity, and their interactions with pollutants; these include scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET), the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method (BJH), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), among others [44].…”

Reusing Waste to Save Our Water: Regenerable Bioadsorbents for Effective Oil Sequestration

“…These bioadsorbents, derived from various natural sources, possess the capacity to selectively adsorb hydrophobic contaminants such as oil, presenting an eco‐friendly alternative to conventional cleanup methods 10, 11. However, their adoption hinges not only on efficient adsorption but also on their renderability, a crucial facet often overlooked in the discourse on bioadsorbents 12.…”