Development and Characterization of Carbon‐Based Adsorbents Derived from Agricultural Wastes and Their Effectiveness in Adsorption of Heavy Metals in Waste Water

Abstract

The current work focuses on peanut shells and agricultural wastes richly in many nations subjected to pyrolysis treatment at various temperatures in the range of 500–800°C to determine the feasible physiochemical characteristics of the biochar. The biochars with the high surface area were employed to adsorb Pb2+ (lead) ions, the heaviest pollutants in the water bodies. The raw material, biochar, and pyrolyzed biochar were characterized by SEM, FTIR, partial and elemental analysis, and BET tests. The adsorption characteristics of the biochar, pre- and postpyrolysis treatment, were studied with the assistance of batch adsorption tests under varying test conditions. Adsorbing conditions were determined by evaluating the effects of adsorbing parameters like initial concentration of the lead in water, pH of the adsorbent, contact time, and mixing speed on the effective adsorption of Pb2+ ions from water. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Themkin isotherm expressions were employed to study the experimental results. The adsorption kinetics study showed that the synthesized biochars were chemically stable enough to adsorb the Pb ions onto the surface.

Preparation of Tetra Pak-Based Hydrochars for Cleaning Water Polluted by Heavy Metal Ions: Physicochemical Properties and Removal Mechanism

“…A comparison of the adsorption capacities of the hydrochar samples and other biomass-based hydrochars and activated carbons is shown in Figure 8. Te adsorption capacities of Tetra Pak hydrochars are competitive and outperformed other adsorbents reported in literature [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Evaluation of Lead Ion in the Wastewater of the Lifting and Treatment Stations Using ICP-MS and CPE Methods

“…Wastewater pollution is often caused by the use of various harmful metal ions in mining, recovery and other industrial processes [7]. Lead (Pb), chromium, arsenic, and other dangerous heavy metals can be found in industrial wastewater [8].…”

Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies on Adsorption of Neutral and Ionic Species of Organic Adsorbates from Aqueous Solutions on Activated Carbon

“…Adsorption is a multi-phase process consisting of stages going on at different time ranges, and the rate of the process is determined by the slowest step. The effectiveness of the adsorption technique is determined by a number of factors, including the following: the properties of the adsorbent [11][12][13] and adsorbate [14][15][16], temperature [17][18][19], mixing speed [20][21][22], the presence of an accompanying substance [23][24][25], and the pH of the solution [26][27][28]. Even a seemingly small increase in the efficiency of adsorption processes used in water and sewage treatment, due to the scale and widespread use of these technologies, may mean achieving a competitive advantage over other solutions.…”