Development and Characterization of Microsatellites, Clone Identification, and Determination of Genetic Relationships among Rhus succedanea L. Individuals

Abstract

To assist in the breeding and identification of Rhus succedanea L., which is cultivated in Japan to produce wax from its fruit, 12 microsatellite markers were developed from 96 clones sequenced from a genomic library generated from the traditional cultivar 'Ikichi'. Using these markers, 50 genotypes were identified in 82 individuals (designated "the western group") representing traditional cultivars and associated materials that have been selected from populations in western Japan and conserved for use in a breeding program. In a further analysis, of the 82 previously mentioned individuals and others from Chiba and Okinawa populations, 88 different genotypes were detected, with numbers of alleles per locus ranging from 3 to 19 and expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.22 to 0.85. Each traditional cultivar and old individual in the western group was closely genetically related to other trees in the group. In addition, according to Principal Coordinate Analysis, using Dice similarity coefficients based on the 88 genotypes, and pairwise F ST values, the western group and the Chiba populations were considerably more closely related to each other than to the Okinawa populations. The implications of the findings for the future breeding of R. succedanea in Japan are discussed.

Estimation of genetic data and breeding values of traits related to wax production inRhus succedaneaL. clones using the REML/BLUP method

“…In previous studies using DNA molecular markers, traditional cultivars and candidate trees were considered to be related to each other and genetic diversity was considered to be relatively low (Hiraoka et al 2009;Hiraoka and Watanabe 2010). In our study, however, wax production and connected traits exhibited great variation.…”

“…The clones were identified by DNA markers (Hiraoka et al 2009;Hiraoka and Watanabe 2010) Name of clone…”

“…Three study sites have been established with 49 clones (Yamanobe and Ito 2000); the main objective of these sites was characterization of the traditional cultivars and other candidate trees. The genotypes of the clones have been identified on the basis of molecular markers, for example amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) (Hiraoka et al 2009), and microsatellite markers (Hiraoka and Watanabe 2010). On the basis of this genotyping, it has been clarified that many candidate trees correspond to traditional cultivars: 33 of the 49 individuals in the collection were identified as the three traditional cultivars Ikichi, Oh, and Showafuku, thus the number of different genotypes is 19 (Hiraoka et al 2009).…”

Toxicodendron succedaneum (L.) Kuntze (Japanese wax tree): A review on its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity

“…Japanese wax is mainly used in traditional Japanese candles. High-quality cosmetics such as fragrant oil used to make the top-knot in the hair of sumo wrestlers for the Japanese coiffure, and other commercially important industrial products are produced from the haze wax, obtained from the fruit skins of the tree 13,16,20 .…”

Study on the genetic diversity of wax trees (Rhus succedanea L.) in Northern mountainous region of Vietnam by SSR and SCoT markers

“…Cây sơn được trồng để lấy nhựa sơn -nguồn nguyên liệu quý rất cần thiết cho nhiều ngành công nghiệp và thủ công nghiệp như làm đồ mỹ nghệ (sơn, các sản phẩm thủ công, đồ thờ, hàng sơn mài, sơn dầu…) sơn tàu thuyền, sản xuất các vật liệu cách điện. Do không chắc chắn về nguồn gốc và bản chất di truyền của những cây Rhus succedanea, xác định đa dạng di truyền ở cây sơn bằng các chỉ thị phân tử khác nhau đã được thực hiện, như chỉ thị RAPD (Goto et al, 1997), ISSR và AFLP (Hiraoka et al, 2009), SSR (Hiraoka, Watanabe, 2010), SCoT (Jaikaewdang et al, 2014). Gần đây, SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) đã trở thành chỉ thị di truyền lựa chọn trong phân tích những hệ gen đã được giải trình tự một phần hay được giải trình tự hoàn toàn do tính duy nhất của hệ gen (Kumar et al, 2012).…”