Development and Characterization of Porous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft from Natural Biological Origin Raw Material for Biomedical Application

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH2), HA has similarities with human bone mineral composition and morphology, bioactive, and non-toxic. However, HA has a weakness in the decay of material, so it can inhibit the growth of new bone tissue. The other materials used as biodegradable bone substitute are Tri Calcium Phosphate (TCP). It has the reception of the body is almost as good as HA but it have fast decay time, so that the material has been discharged before the newly formed tissue. This study aimed to developed a Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) which is a combination of the properties of HA and TCP, it makes the decay time can be in accordance with the growth of new bone tissue. Calcination method was used in this study. Four groups of bovine bone samples were calcined at four different temperatures ranging from 1000oC to 1300oC using the electric furnace. The heating rate during calcination process was 5oC/minute and dwell time of 2 hours. The calcined bioceramics samples are being examined to determine the characterization of materials. XRD testing to determine the chemical compounds, FTIR performed to determine the ionic bonds that exist in materials and SEM to determine the microstructure of the material calcination results. The current investigation confirms the possibility of producing porous BCP bone graft from porous bovine bone cube, without any important impurities as indicated by XRD and FT-IR techniques. The partially decomposition of HA into TCP was started when bovine bone samples were heated at 1200oC.