“…Therefore, the 'classical' 12-14 Hz spindle definition is believed to be too narrow (Jankel and Niedermeyer, 1985). The difficulty in finding the optimum frequency bounds has produced a large number of proposed values, among them: 11.5-15 Hz (Fish et al, 1988), 11.5-16 Hz (Zeitlhofer et al, 1997), 11-15 Hz (Ktonas et al, 2009), 11-16 Hz (Clemens et al, 2005, 10.5-16 Hz (Ventouras et al, 2005;Huupponen et al, 2007), and 10-16 Hz (Zygierewicz et al, 1999;Huupponen et al, 2000a;Estévez et al, 2002). Beside the often cited 12-14 Hz frequency range proposed by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (Rechtschaffen and Kales, 1968), various organizations have suggested other values to score spindles: 11-16 Hz by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (Iber et al, 2007), 11-15 Hz by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (Noachtar et al, 1999), and 12-16 Hz by the Japanese Society of Sleep Research (Hori et al, 2001).…”