Development and degeneration of wing buds and indirect flight muscles in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (HARRIS)).

Tsuji, Hiroo; Kawada, Kazuo

doi:10.1303/jjaez.31.247

Cited by 25 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…In nymphs destined to be wingless, the anlagen cease development at this stage. A similar scenario has been described in the pea aphid where all embryos, firstinstar nymphs and second-instar nymphs exhibit wing buds, which subsequently degenerate in the developing wingless morph (Tsuji and Kawada, 1987a).…”

Section: Developmentsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The development of alternative phenotypes has been examined in several aphid species using histological methods (Shull, 1938;White, 1946;Kitzmiller, 1951;Johnson and Birks, 1960;Tsuji and Kawada, 1987a;Ganassi et al, 2005). Wing development appears to be the default developmental pathway and the wingless phenotype develops by diversion from this developmental pathway during prenatal or postnatal development.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wing dimorphism in aphids

et al. 2006

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Many species of insects display dispersing and nondispersing morphs. Among these, aphids are one of the best examples of taxa that have evolved specialized morphs for dispersal versus reproduction. The dispersing morphs typically possess a full set of wings as well as a sensory and reproductive physiology that is adapted to flight and reproducing in a new location. In contrast, the nondispersing morphs are wingless and show adaptations to maximize fecundity. In this review, we provide an overview of the major features of the aphid wing dimorphism. We first provide a description of the dimorphism and an overview of its phylogenetic distribution. We then review what is known about the mechanisms underlying the dimorphism and end by discussing its evolutionary aspects.

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Section: Developmentsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wing dimorphism in aphids

et al. 2006

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“…It has previously been confirmed that in the female polyphenism, flight muscle primordia degenerate in wingless individuals during early postembryonic development, whereas in winged females muscle degeneration begins after the dispersal flight and continues until the onset of larviposition (Tsuji and Kawada 1987;Ishikawa et al 2008;Ishikawa and Miura 2009). However, in the case of the male wing polymorphism, no apparent flight muscle degeneration occurs in any wing type (see Tsuji and Kawada 1987, and Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Consequently, we must ask what differences regarding selection pressures act on those mechanisms. Although the dispersal ability of wingless females is low, they develop faster, allowing for an earlier onset of larviposition (Tsuji and Kawada 1987;Dixon 1998;Ishikawa and Miura 2009). The difference in time required to reach reproductive maturity will result in differences in total number of offspring (Ishikawa and Miura 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 13 wingless females, wing and flight muscle primordia completely degenerate during early postembryonic development. In winged females, flight-muscle breakdown occurs after the dispersal flight, and energy obtained through the degeneration is re-allocated to reproduction (Tsuji and Kawada 1987;Ishikawa et al 2008;Ishikawa and Miura 2009;Fig. 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Male-specific flight apparatus development in Acyrthosiphon pisum (Aphididae, Hemiptera, Insecta): comparison with female wing polyphenism

et al. 2012

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Wing polymorphisms observed in many Insecta are important topics in developmental biology and ecology; these polymorphisms are a consequence of tradeoffs between flight and other abilities.The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, possesses 2 types of wing polymorphisms: one is a genetic wing polymorphism occurring in males and the other is an environmental wing polyphenism seen in viviparous females. Although genetic and environmental cues for the 2 wing polymorphisms have been studied, differences in their developmental regulation have not been elucidated. In particular, there is little knowledge regarding the developmental processes in male wing polymorphism. Therefore, in this study, the development of flight apparatuses and external morphologies were compared among 3 male wing morphs (winged, wingless, and intermediate).These male developmental processes were subsequently compared with those of female wing morphs. Developmental differences between the male and female polymorphisms were identified in flight muscle development and degeneration but not in wing bud development. Furthermore, the nymphal periods of wingless and intermediate males were significantly shorter than that of winged males, indicating the adaptive significance of male winglessness. Overall, this study indicates that the male and female wing polymorphisms are based on different regulatory systems for flight apparatus development, which are probably the result of different adaptations under different selection pressures.2

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Postnatal Wing Morph of Pea Aphids Regulates Hemolymph Trehalose Levels

Yoshinaga,

Soma,

Kikuta

2024

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules, functions as a critical energy source in various insect tissues and organs and is the predominant sugar component of the hemolymph. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, exhibits higher hemolymph trehalose levels than other insects. However, the dynamics of hemolymph trehalose levels throughout its life stages remain unclear owing to the challenges associated with obtaining hemolymph from these small insects. Therefore, this study was conducted to quantify hemolymph trehalose levels in A. pisum using a fluorescent trehalose sensor (Tre‐C04), which enhances green fluorescent protein fluorescence through the binding of trehalose to a ligand‐binding protein fused to the fluorophore. Trehalose levels were successfully quantified in minimal hemolymph samples from individual aphids, with measurements spanning from the first nymphal stage to the adult stage in both the winged and wingless forms of A. pisum. Hemolymph trehalose levels remained relatively stable throughout the life cycle but exhibited a gradual increase with each developmental stage. Notably, adult winged aphids exhibited significantly higher hemolymph trehalose levels than wingless aphids. Given that wing morph determination occurs early in the nymphal stage, these findings suggest that hemolymph trehalose levels are regulated post‐wing morph development. Further investigation of the expression of genes associated with trehalose metabolism revealed that trehalose phosphate synthase 2 levels were downregulated in early‐stage wingless adults, whereas insulin‐related peptide 5 levels were upregulated in wingless aphids. These findings indicate that A. pisum synthesizes trehalose during the winged adult stage to serve as an energy source for flight.

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Development and degeneration of wing buds and indirect flight muscles in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (HARRIS)).

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Wing dimorphism in aphids

Wing dimorphism in aphids

Male-specific flight apparatus development in Acyrthosiphon pisum (Aphididae, Hemiptera, Insecta): comparison with female wing polyphenism

Postnatal Wing Morph of Pea Aphids Regulates Hemolymph Trehalose Levels

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