Development and Displacement: Rights-Based Theoretical Analysis

Velath, Priyanca Mathur

doi:10.4135/9788132108238.n3

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They now stress on 'human rights' approach to development which has brought the people and their needs into main focus. Extensive discourse has emerged on the issue by leading social activists and academics like Walter Fernandes, Smithu Kothari, K. Balagopal, Medha Patkar and several others (see, for instance, in addition to earlier cited writings: de Wet, 2009;Fernandes, 2009;Velath, 2009).…”

Section: The Civil Society Perspective(s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Facets of Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement in India

Sharma

2010

Social Change

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Among several issues that Indian society confronts today, involuntary displacement of people by government due to taking away of their agricultural lands and other assets (homestead etc.) for development projects—both in public or private sectors—has emerged as one of the highly debated and disputed issue. Several of these development projects have faced stiff resistance and even violent agitations against the appropriation of affected people’s assets under the compulsive Land Acquisition Act, 1894. In the earlier decades (since India’s independence in 1947), government succeeded in acquiring vast lands from people for creating such infrastructure, irrigation, mining and heavy industry projects, mostly in the public sector, due to people’s ignorance of their rights, and also their faith in the political system. However, with the growing intensity of involuntary displacement and eroding ‘public interest’ in pushing industrial/mining projects by government, the affected people and civil society groups started challenging the ‘eminent domain’ used by a sovereign state in imposing developmentalism, without restoring meagre sources of sustenance of the affected people. This is now more relevant in the context of market-driven Indian economy, where government’s decision of approving over 400 ‘special economic zones’ (SEZs) has resulted in direct confrontation between the ‘shining India’ and highly vulnerable agrarian communities. The present article presents a critique of over five decades of such involuntary displacement in India with its possible fallout on the role of state for ‘public cause’.

show abstract

Section: The Civil Society Perspective(s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Facets of Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement in India

Sharma

2010

Social Change

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Odisha, these development-induced movements can be traced back to independence, like the protest against the Hirakund Hydro-electricity Dam project in the 1950s and the local indigenous population much such resistance. The majority of development projects in Odisha have to remain unfavorable for the local inhabitants who have been facing displacement from their ancestral land without any compensation and surety for their livelihood and rights (Velath, 2009). Later on, finding the immense mineral resource base of iron ore, bauxite, and ferromanganese in Odisha attracted numerous local and multinational mineral-based heavy industries; prominent among them are POCSO (Korea), Vedanta Aluminium (UK), BHP Billiton (UK–Australia), Rio Tinto (UK), Alcan (Canada), Sterlite, Hindalco, Jindal, and Tata to name a few.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribal Movements against Mining-induced Displacement in Odisha: The Case of Dongria Kondh’s Niyamgiri Movement

Behera

Padhi

2022

The Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contemporary Odisha has witnessed many micro-social movements fighting industrialization, mining, major dams, and similar development projects. The introduction of these projects has a massive impact on tribe lives, survival, and cultural identity of tribes. The most recent one is the severe uproar from the Lanjigarh area’s inhabitants against the Vedanta, which was about to set up a bauxite-aluminum factory near Niyamagiri Hill. The article attempts to highlight the historical resistance of tribals against development-induced displacement both during pre- and post-independence in Odisha and discuss the magnitude of displacement due to development-induced projects, impacts, rehabilitation, and resettlement. It further presents the Dongria Kondh community’s struggle against the alumina refinery and the new bauxite mining project in Niyamgiri. The victory of Niyamgiri provides moral support, courage, and a ray of hope for the other tribal people in India who have been battling for rights to forest and land for days. Tribal movements have forced the postponement or cancellation of numerous projects, raising questions about their long-term viability. Thus, protest movements have compelled governments to review displacement issues and implement necessary measures to address them.

show abstract

“…The right to participate is based on various provisions of the International Bill of Human Rights, which includes the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Specifically the 1991 Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples of the International Labour Organization Independent Countries (ILO Convention 169) stipulates (Article 7) the involvement of indigenous and tribal peoples in the creation, implementation and evaluation of the national and regional development plans that concern them (Velath 2009 The development-induced displacement process in Odisha takes away many rights from the displaced, which the Indian Constitution in turn grants them. Ironically, Article 19(e) of the Indian Constitution grants its citizens the right to "reside and settle in any part of India's territory" and Article 21 states that "no one shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except as provided for by law."…”

Section: Displacement and Rightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, there was a shortage of successful infrastructure preparation and implementation Programs. Most of Odisha's development initiatives have had detrimental consequences in the form of displacing people from their traditional homeland and way of life and denying them their fundamental rights to livelihood (Velath 2009). As advanced displaced persons bear the responsibility of growth, at the detriment of its own human rights and social justice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Odisha and Displacement: A Viewpoint on Human Rights

Sial¹,

Padhi²

2020

IJSSER

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Growth aims at reducing inequality. Paradoxically, the ongoing development phase in Odisha not only deepened but also expanded the deprivation and triggered displacement on a large scale. In the case of the development model of Odisha, displacement caused by major projects has in reality resulted in the redistribution of wealth from the poorer segment of society to the privileged. Mega dams, thermal power plants, mining, and industrial ventures produce development victims. It can be seen that the larger the project for growth, the greater the centralised control over it. This centralization has a preference for big landholders, prosperous farmers, developers, bureaucrats and politicians. The large-scale development projects are planned primarily to increase the power of state and private capital and they are unable to represent or reflect the needs of the vast majority of the population. With the State's conquest of forests, forest-dwellers' traditional or customary rights were eventually turned into privileges, and even further into concessions. This paper stresses the method of creation in Odisha and its consequences to resolve the problem of human displacement. It also seeks to reassert the protection of the rights of displaced peoples and what needs to be discussed today is the right to growth, through which all of their fundamental rights and freedoms are realised. It concludes that while construction of the infrastructure is important, it must be implemented with a human face in order to mitigate the impact of displacement and achieve the objective of inclusive growth.

show abstract

Development and Displacement: Rights-Based Theoretical Analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Changing Facets of Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement in India

Changing Facets of Involuntary Displacement and Resettlement in India

Tribal Movements against Mining-induced Displacement in Odisha: The Case of Dongria Kondh’s Niyamgiri Movement

Progress in Odisha and Displacement: A Viewpoint on Human Rights

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About