Development and elimination of pigmented moles, and the anatomical distribution of primary malignant melanoma

Nicholls, E. M.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197307)32:1<191::aid-cncr2820320129>3.0.co;2-w

Cited by 136 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The V126D CDKN2A mutation present in this particular melanoma kindred has a profound effect on nevus development that is exaggerated over a mean follow-up period of 15 y. Individuals carrying this mutation, on average, have increased numbers of nevi, whereas non-carrier and spouse control subjects have decreased numbers of nevi over time in a manner similar to previous population-based studies (Nicholls, 1973;Cooke et al, 1985;MacKie et al, 1985). Moreover, mutation carriers had increased numbers of nevi in all size categories over time, suggesting that these subjects continue to develop new nevi and that existing nevi increase in size with time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Whereas much is known about the natural history of nevi during the first two decades of life, only a few reports of nevus history in healthy adult populations are available and suggest that: (1) nevi are rare at birth and begin to develop in early childhood (MacKie et al, 1998;Harrison et al, 2000); (2) nevi peak in number at approximately 20-40 nevi during the second through fourth decades of life (Nicholls, 1973;Cooke et al, 1985;MacKie et al, 1985); and (3) nevi decline substantially to very few by the eighth decade (Nicholls, 1973;MacKie et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lesions o2 mm in diameter were excluded to reduce the possibility of erroneously including freckles in the TNN (Nicholls, 1973). TND was estimated by calculating the area of all nevi using the formula Spr 2 divided by the estimated body surface area of the individual, as described previously (Goldgar et al, 1991;Meyer et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Assessment of the Nevus Phenotype in a Melanoma Kindred

Florell

Meyer

Boucher

et al. 2004

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Phenotypic characteristics of members of a melanoma prone kindred with a V126D CDKN2A gene mutation were monitored over approximately 15 y. Thirty-eight previously studied subjects were recruited. Participants underwent a complete skin examination by the same dermatologist who examined them initially. The size and location of all nevi were recorded on a body map diagram. Total nevus number (TNN) and total nevus density (TND) were determined. CDKN2A sequencing verified 13 mutation carriers and 16 non-carriers. Nine participants were spouse controls without a history of melanoma and did not carry a CDKN2A mutation. Mutation carriers demonstrated a greater mean TNN and TND at initial and follow-up examinations compared with non-carriers and continued to develop nevi rather than show nevus regression seen in non-carriers and spouse controls. Non-carriers showed an intermediate nevus phenotype between mutation carriers and spouse controls. Four of the 13 mutation carriers and one non-carrier have developed invasive melanoma. Over a 15-y interval, TNN and TND were increased in mutation carriers compared with non-carriers and spouse controls. Continued accumulation of nevi in mutation carriers supports a nevogenic role for this CDKN2A mutation. An intermediate nevus phenotype in non-carrier family members suggests the presence of additional modifier genes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Assessment of the Nevus Phenotype in a Melanoma Kindred

Florell

Meyer

Boucher

et al. 2004

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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“…The genesis of .Address correspondence to Ira A. Pion. M.D., 949 Central Avenue, Woodmere, NY 11598. melanocytic nevi (MN) in childhood also .suggests that sun exposure in early life is a factor (8), and the number of MN is directly correlated with the risk of MM (9.10). Consequently, children are a prime target group for education ahout the sun.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Teaching Children About Skin Cancer: The Draw‐and‐Write Technique as an Evaluation Tool

Pion

Kopf

Hughes

et al. 1997

Pediatric Dermatology

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Childhood exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for melanoma. To formulate a meaningful program to educate children about the ill effects of the sun, their extant knowledge base must be determined. We have used the "draw-and-write" technique to assess children's perceptions about the sun, suntans, and skin cancer. A total of 693 school children aged 4 to 13 years were asked to draw pictures and label them in response to a series of carefully worded questions. Awareness of the need to apply sunscreen increased from 44% in children aged 4 to 6 years to 95% in children aged 9 to 10 years. Ten percent of children aged 4 to 6 years already perceived a suntan as attractive. While almost all children were aware of the negative immediate effects of sun exposure, namely sunburn, just 30% of American children aged 11 to 13 were aware that sun exposure is a risk for skin cancer. No differences between boys and girls were seen. The "draw-and-write" technique allows assessment of the attitudes and perceptions of children regarding the sun and skin cancer. It also provides valuable information on which to base health education and evaluate its cost-effectiveness.

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“…In adults, there have been no formal studies looking at the difference in naevus phenotype in countries with different exposure patterns. Based on naevus count studies, there is no evidence of a relationship between mean numbers of naevi per individual and melanoma incidence in different countries: naevus-counting studies in healthy individuals in Australia (Nicholls, 1973), New Zealand (Cooke et al, 1985) and the USA have not shown major differences in mean naevus count from those carried out in the UK (MacKie et al, 1985) and Switzerland (Sigg and Peloni 1989). However, these studies have involved different examiners and different naevus-counting protocols, and the results are difficult to compare.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between naevi and melanoma in populations with different levels of sun exposure: a joint case-control study of melanoma in the UK and Australia

Bataille¹,

Grulich²,

Sasieni³

et al. 1998

Br J Cancer

102

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Summary Two case-control studies were set up to investigate the relationship between melanocytic naevi and risk of melanoma and to compare the naevus phenotype in two countries exposed to greatly different levels of sun exposure and different melanoma rates. In England 117 melanoma cases and 163 controls were recruited from the North-East Thames Region and 183 melanoma cases and 162 controls from New South Wales, Australia. Each subject underwent a whole-body naevus count performed by the same examiner in each country. Relative risks associated with melanocytic naevi in each country were calculated with comparison of naevus data in controls between Australia and England. Atypical naevi were strong risk factors for melanoma in both countries: the odds ratio (OR) for three or more atypical naevi was 4.6 (95% Cl 2.0-10.7) in Australia compared with 51.7 (95% Cl 6.5-408.4) in England. Common naevi were also significant risk factors in Australia and England with similar odds ratios in the two countries. Prevalence of atypical naevi was greater in Australian controls than in English controls: OR 9.7 (95% Cl 1.2-81.7) for three or more atypical naevi in Australia compared with England. For young age groups, the median number of common naevi was greater in Australia than in the UK, whereas for older individuals this difference in naevi number between the two countries disappeared. The prevalence of naevi on non-sun-exposed sites in controls was not significantly different between the two countries. The atypical mole syndrome (AMS) phenotype was more prevalent in Australian controls (6%) than in English controls (2%). The results of this study support the role of sun exposure in the induction of atypical naevi in adults. There was a trend towards stronger risk factors associated with atypical naevi in England compared with Australia. The atypical mole syndrome, usually associated with a genetic susceptibility to melanoma, was more common in Australia than in England, suggesting genetic environmental interactions with the possibility of phenocopies induced by sunlight.

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Development and elimination of pigmented moles, and the anatomical distribution of primary malignant melanoma

Cited by 136 publications

References 19 publications

Longitudinal Assessment of the Nevus Phenotype in a Melanoma Kindred

Longitudinal Assessment of the Nevus Phenotype in a Melanoma Kindred

Teaching Children About Skin Cancer: The Draw‐and‐Write Technique as an Evaluation Tool

The association between naevi and melanoma in populations with different levels of sun exposure: a joint case-control study of melanoma in the UK and Australia

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