“…As technology continues to evolve and modernize, solid-state fermentation is poised to be closely associated with the design of solid-state fermenters, marking crucial progress and innovation in biotechnological processes and bioprocess engineering. Numerous configurations have been developed specifically for solid-state fermentation applications, including syringe-type fermenter (Costa et al, 2021), semi-continuous plug-flow systems (Wang et al, 2021), packed-bed (Mitchell et al, 2023;Pakaweerachat et al, 2023;Finkler et al, 2021a;Maiga et al, 2021;Casciatori et al, 2016), packed-bed column fermenter (Sosa-Martinez et al, 2024), tray (Dallastra et al, 2023;Sentis-More et al, 2023;Nascimento et al, 2021), trickle bed (Shahryani et al, 2019), multipurpose fixedbed (Sabrini et al, 2019), rotating drum (Dabaghi et al, 2021;Mahmoodi et al, 2019), column-tray (Hector et al, 2012), novel deep-bed cubical (Brijwani et al, 2011), multi-layer packed-bed (Mitchell et al, 2006), column (Jang and Yang, 2008), fluidised-bed (Foong et al, 2009), hexahedral modular (da Cunha et al, 2009), solid state fermentation reactor (Ano et al, 2009), horizontal rotary drum (Alam et al, 2009), continuous counter-current reactor (Varzakas et al, 2008), scrapped-drum (Nagel et al, 2001), zymotis packed-bed (Mitchell et al, 2000), gassolid spouted-bed fermenter (Silva and Yang, 1998), horizontal solid state stirred tank reactor (Berovic and Ostroversnik, 1997), vertical cylindrical shaped (Bandelier et al, 1997), cylindrical (Gutierrez-Rojas et al, 1996) fermenters. Advancements have been achieved in refining laboratory-scale processes, yet there remains a need for intensified research on fermenter designs and the scaling-up of processes to faci...…”