“…Clinical practice was assessed using log books (Zaeem-ul-Haq et al , 2009;Zafar et al , 2009; Cole-Ceesay et al , 2010), through interviews (Mavalankar et al , 2009; Ameh et al , 2012; Sakeah et al , 2014), and focus group discussions (Ameh et al , 2016), and via questionnaires sometimes administered as postal surveys (CAI, 2010; Zaeem-ul-Haq et al , 2009), via telephone or via observation of practice (Taylor, 1996; CAI, 2007; Evans et al , 2009; Freeth et al , 2009; CAI, 2010; Crofts et al ., 2013; Ersdal et al , 2013; Makene et al , 2014; Opiyo and English, 2015; Ortner et al , 2014; York et al , 2014; Dresang et al , 2015; Walton et al , 2016). Other methods and indicators used to assess change in healthcare providers’ clinical practice after training included retrospective analysis of clinical records Clark et al , 2010), audit of clinical records or databases (Harris et al , 1995; Dijkman et al , 2010; Markova et al , 2012) and review of the partograph (Taylor, 1996; Berglund et al , 2010).…”