Development and evaluation of reusable piezo sensors for health monitoring of thin-walled steel structures

Baral, Sushmita; Adhikari, Sailesh; Negi, Prateek; Bhalla, Suresh

doi:10.1007/s13349-022-00567-3

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In order to assess the condition of the structure at a later stage, a signature is recorded and compared to the signature acquired at the initial undamaged condition. The difference between the impedance signatures is assessed using quantitative techniques, such as the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and correlation coefficient (CC) (Baral et al, 2022; Bhalla et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical investigation of the bonding conditions of piezoelectric sensors under high compressive strains on structures

Negi,

Kaur,

Kumar

2024

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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In the past two decades, thin lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sensors have been widely used in the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique for sensing applications, particularly for monitoring civil structures. They are typically surface bonded using an industrial adhesive to the monitored structure. The bond between a PZT sensor and structure must be sufficiently strong to transmit the response of the structure to the sensor. In this study, acrylic cubes bonded with PZT patches are subjected to high compressive strains above 2000 με to develop a better understanding of bonding conditions when structures undergo such high strains. Acrylic can undergo such high strains without developing fissures or cracks. Thus, the recorded EMI response only reflects changes in the bonding condition due to the development of strains. The experiments are also numerically supplemented by simulating various debonding conditions. At higher strains, it was observed that the admittance signatures tend to behave similarly to a freely vibrating PZT patch, indicating debonding around the periphery. Even after the complete unloading of the structure, the signatures did not return to their initial state, indicating a permanent partial debonding. The strains developed on a loaded structure are not uniform and can be localized due to structural imperfections, resulting in higher strains in the region where a sensor is bonded. The insights from this study will aid in expanding the scope of the application of PZT sensors for monitoring civil structures through better comprehension of the PZT-structure bond under high compressive strains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical investigation of the bonding conditions of piezoelectric sensors under high compressive strains on structures

Negi,

Kaur,

Kumar

2024

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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“…A major hurdle in utilizing PZT patches is their fragility, which poses difficulties in affixing them to complex-shaped structures 8 . In situations where the component is frequently subjected to impact or utilized in an environment with high temperatures, directly bonding the patch onto the surface of the structure may not be feasible 9 , 10 . To overcome this challenge, alternative attachment methods need to be explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proof of concept study on reliability assessment of different metal foil length based piezoelectric sensor for electromechanical impedance techniques

Parida,

Moharana,

Vicente

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches gained popularity in structural health monitoring (SHM) for its sensing and cost effective. However, a robust installation of PZT patches is challenging due to the often-complex geometry and non-accessibility of structural parts. For tubular structures, the curved surface can compromise the perfect bonding of PZT patches. To alleviate the above-mentioned challenges, the non-bonded and reusable configuration of sensor received considerable interest in the field of SHM. However, ensuring the repeatability and reproducibility of Electro-Mechanical Impedance (EMI) measurements is crucial to establish the reliability of these techniques. This work investigated the repeatability and reproducibility measures for one of non-bonded configuration of PZT patch i.e., Metal Foil Based Piezo Sensor (MFBPS). In addition, the concept, application, and suitability of MFBPS for impedance-based monitoring technique of Civil infrastructure are critically discussed. This study evaluates the effect of length of MFBPS on piezo coupled admittance signature. Also, this study evaluates repeatability and reproducibility of EMI measurements via statistical tools such as ANOVA and Gage R&R analysis. The statistical index CCDM was used to quantify the deviations of impedance signals. The overall result shows that the repeatability of the EMI measurements improves with a metal foil length of 500 mm. Overall, this investigation offers a useful point of reference for professionals and scholars to ensure the reliability of MFBPS for EMI techniques, a variant of piezoelectric sensor for SHM applications.

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“…The electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) technique was first developed by Liang et al (1994) [ 1 ] and carried further by a number of researchers [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. It is a non-destructive technique that uses piezo sensors for the condition monitoring of a host structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Compensation for Reusable Piezo Configuration for Condition Monitoring of Metallic Structures: EMI Approach

Baral

Negi

Adhikari

et al. 2023

Sensors

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This paper presents a novel algorithm for compensating the changes in conductance signatures of a piezo sensor due to the temperature variation employed in condition monitoring using the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) approach. It is crucial to consider the changes in an EMI signature due to temperature before using it for comparison with the baseline signature. The shifts in the signature due to temperature can be misinterpreted as damages to the structure, which might also result in a false alarm. In the present study, the compensation values are calculated based on experiments on piezo sensors both in a free boundary condition and in a bonded condition on a metallic host structure. The values were further validated experimentally for damage detection on a large 2D steel plate structure. The variation in first natural frequency values for the unbonded piezo sensor at different temperatures has been used to develop the compensation algorithms. Whereas, in the case of the bonded sensor, the shift in structural peaks has been used. The developed compensation relations showed promising results in damage detection. Lastly, a finite element-based study has also been performed, supporting the experimental findings. The outcome of this study will aid in the compensation of the signatures in the structure due to temperature variation in the conductance signature.

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Development and evaluation of reusable piezo sensors for health monitoring of thin-walled steel structures

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Experimental and numerical investigation of the bonding conditions of piezoelectric sensors under high compressive strains on structures

Experimental and numerical investigation of the bonding conditions of piezoelectric sensors under high compressive strains on structures

A proof of concept study on reliability assessment of different metal foil length based piezoelectric sensor for electromechanical impedance techniques

Temperature Compensation for Reusable Piezo Configuration for Condition Monitoring of Metallic Structures: EMI Approach

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