Development and evaluation of serotype-specific recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick assays for the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A, O and Asia1

Abstract

BackgroundFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most highly infectious diseases in livestock, and leads to huge economic losses. Early diagnosis and rapid differentiation of FMDV serotype is therefore integral to the prevention and control of FMD. In this study, a series of serotype-specific reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assays combined with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) were establish to differentiate FMDV serotypes A, O or Asia 1, respectively.ResultsThe serotype-specific primers and probes of RPA-LFD were designed to target conserved regions of the FMDV VP1 gene sequence, and three primer and probe sets of serotype-specific RPA-LFD were selected for amplification of FMDV serotypes A, O or Asia 1, respectively. Following incubation at 38 °C for 20 min, the RPA amplification products could be visualized by LFD. Analytical sensitivity of the RPA assay was then determined with ten-fold serial dilutions of RNA of VP1 gene and the recombinant vector respectively containing VP1 gene from FMDV serotypes A, O or Asia1, the detection limits of these assays were 3 copies of plasmid DNA or 50 copies of viral RNA per reaction. Moreover, the specificity of the assay was assessed, and there was no cross reactions with other viruses leading to bovine vesicular lesions. Furthermore, 126 clinical samples were respectively detected with RPA-LFD and real-time PCR (rPCR), there was 98.41% concordance between the two assays, and two samples were positive by RPA-LFD but negative in rPCR, these were confirmed as FMDV-positive through viral isolation in BHK-21 cells. It showed that RPA-LFD assay was more sensitive than the rPCR method in this study.ConclusionThe development of serotype-specific RPA-LFD assay provides a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for differentiation of FMDV serotype A, O or Asia1, respectively. It is possible that the serotype-specific RPA-LFD assay may be used as a integral protocol for field detection of FMDV.

Genetic characterization of an H13N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated from gulls in China

“…In this study, we isolated a low pathogenic avian influenza (H13N2) virus (WH42) from gulls in Weihai city. Unlike ordinary animal pathogens, low pathogenic avian influenza viruses are also zoonotic pathogens (He et al., ; Hou, Wang, Zhao, He, & He, ; Hou, Zhao, He, Wang, & He, ; Husain, ; Wang et al., ; Zhao, Wang, Hou, He, & He, ). Since 2013, low pathogenic avian influenza (H7N9) viruses have caused over one thousand human infections with approximately 40% mortality rates.…”

Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 in aerosol by a real time RT-PCR assay

“…Emerging evidence suggests that airborne transmission is one of the major routes for the spread of viral diseases in animals, such as influenza a virus (IAV) [20,30,31], foot-and mouth disease virus (FMDV) [21,22,32], porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) [33,34], porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) [35], and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) [36]. As for pestivirus infection, airborne transmission of CSFV and BVDV is feasible under experimental conditions although they have not been reported in field situations [37,38], suggesting that airborne transmission may contribute to the spread of pestivirus infection.…”

A novel reassortant influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in swine in Shandong Province, eastern China

“…Unlike many common animal pathogens, influenza viruses can infect both animals and humans (He et al, ; Hou, Wang, Zhao, He, & He, ; Hou, Zhao, He, Wang, & He, ; Jilani & Siddiqui, ; Wang et al, ; Zhao, Hou, et al, ; Zhao, Wang, Hou, He, & He, ). Influenza A(H1N1) virus has been prevalent in pigs for more than 100 years (Ma et al, ), and at least 3 human influenza pandemics are closely related to swine influenza viruses (Kilbourne, ; Neumann, Noda, & Kawaoka, ).…”