First, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my family for their love and support through my educational pursuits. My parents and grandparents not only financially supported me, but also encouraged me to work hard and never give up on my life goals. I would also like to thank my sisters, Katie and Stephanie Kelly, boyfriend, Matthew Rector, and dear friend, Lyndsay Wehrle for your support through it all. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. Karl Barth for giving me the opportunity to work toward my Master's Degree. His support and encouragement have provided me with a strong educational base from which I can build a successful career. Also, I would like to thank Dr. Gregory Michaelson and Dr. P. V. Vijay for serving on my academic committee. I greatly appreciate your time and support in assisting me through my graduate studies. As well as, Dr. Gregory Michaelson's contribution to the finite element analysis conducted herein, are greatly appreciated. The financial support of the Short Span Steel Bridge Alliance, as well as donations from; Nucor-Yamato Steel, SSAB Americas, and EVRAZ North America is greatly appreciated. I would also like to thank Greiner Industries, American Tank & Fabricating, and AZZ Galvanizing, Inc. for their efforts in fabricating the experimental girder specimens. Without their combined help the development of this research would not have been possible. Special thanks to graduate student Bryan Gallion, undergraduate research assistants Matthew Rector and Eric Rogers, and laboratory technician Jerry Nestor for your contributions throughout the project. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents