Development and Function of the Immunoglobulin Producing System

Cooper, Max D.; Cain, William A.; Alten, Pierson J. Van; Good, R. A.

doi:10.1159/000230175

Cited by 175 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The bursa of Fabricius is central to the normal development of chicken B lymphocytes (13) and is colonized during embryonic life (14) by extrabursally derived precursors (15,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Stochastic rearrangement of immunoglobulin variable-region genes in chicken B-cell development.

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Tkalec

Ratcliffe

1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The molecular mechanism by which immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement occurs is highly conserved between mammalian and avian species. However, in avian species, an equivalent to the mammalian pre-B cell, which has undergone Ig heavy-chain gene rearrangement and expresses it heavy chains in the absence of Ig light-chain rearrangement, has not been convincingly demonstrated. It is consequently unclear whether an ordered progression ofgene rearrangement events leading to functional Ig expression occurs in avian species. To examine the sequence of Ig gene rearrangement events in chicken B-cell development, we transformed day 12 embryo bursal cells with the REV-T(CSV) retrovirus. More than 100 clones were analyzed by Southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction for the presence of Ig gene rearrangements. The majority of these clones contained only germline Ig sequences. Several clones contained complete heavy-and light-chain rearrangements and 13 clones contained only heavy-chain rearrangements analogous to stages of mammalian B-cell development. However, 5 clones contained rearrangements of light-chain genes in the absence of complete heavy-chain rearrangement. Consequently, we conclude that rearrangement of chicken Ig light-chain genes does not require heavy-chain variable-region rearrangement. This observation suggests that chicken Ig gene rearrangement events required for Ig expression occur stochastically rather than sequentially.

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“…The bursa of Fabricius is central to the normal development of chicken B lymphocytes (13) and is colonized during embryonic life (14) by extrabursally derived precursors (15,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Ig gene rearrangement has been first observed in mesenchymal tissue at day 7 ofembryonic development (17), prior to the appearance of sIg+ cells in the bursa (13). The number of germ-line segments that contribute to the rearrangement of chicken Ig genes is very limited.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stochastic rearrangement of immunoglobulin variable-region genes in chicken B-cell development.

Benatar

Tkalec

Ratcliffe

1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…These cells probably represented monocytes with Fc receptors since the Bx chickens lacked detectable serum Ig and since such animals are known to lack B cells as well [20]. A lower percentage of immune complex-binding cells in the peripheral blood of Bx (2-5 %) as compared t o normal chickens (22 %) was also noted by Basten e t al.…”

Section: Preparation Of Fc Rosettes [ 171mentioning

confidence: 56%

Evaluation of the possible role of B cell receptors in the tendency of B cells to migrate into follicles in mice and chickens^*

1977

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Chicken spleen and bursa cells were examined for the percentage of Fc receptor-bearing cells. Rosette formation was done with chicken 7S antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes and was inhibited by heat-aggregated chicken Ig. In the spleen, the percentage was found to increase with age to approximately 26% at 7 to 12 weeks. In contrast, only 3 to 5% of bursa cellss at this age demonstrated Fc receptors. Sleens from bursectomized chickens had 7--10% Fc receptor-bearing cells. In an attempt to determine a possible role of the C3 receptor on migration patterns, the effect of cobra venom factor (CVF) on the localization of transferred lymphoid cells was examined. Pretreatment of recipients with enough CVF to lower mean C3 levels to 11% of controls failed to affect follicular B cell localization in mice at either 24 or 48 h after transfer. Localization of thymus or bursa cells in chickens was similarly unaffected by CVF pretreatment. The possible roles of Fc and C3 receptors on migration of B lymphocytes into follicles and germinal centers were discussed.

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“…4). When agammaglobulinemic chicken serum, 3 ml, was filtered at room temperature through a Sephadex G-200 column (100 X 2.5 cm), the protein reacting with anti-IgM was found in the exclusion volume, as was IgM. The structural distinction of this protein from IgM was further confirmed by studying the isolated protein from bursectomized chicken serum.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Chicken embryos were bursectomized in ovo at 18 days of embryonation and irradiated on the day of hatching, as described by Cooper et al (3) Newly hatched chickens were exposed to sublethal doses of total body x-irradiation at a dose rate of 48.2 R/min in air, to a total dose of 650 R. For the most effective irradiation, the chickens were packed in a specially designed lucite cage that was divided into two concentric rings, which were each subdivided into 20 wedgeshaped compartments. Each compartment holds one newly hatched chicken.…”

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New Immunoglobulin-like Molecules in the Serum of Bursectomized-Irradiated Chickens

Choi

Good

1971

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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A new immunoglobulin-like protein that was found in the sera of bursectomized and irradiated chickens is reported. Unlike IgM and IgG, this protein is apparently made only of heavy chains of IgM and contains no light chains.When newly hatched chickens are bursectomized and irradiated, they fail to synthesize circulating immunoglobulins, even though the expression of cellular immunity apparently remains normal (1, 2). In the chicken, the bursa of Fabricious is essential for the development of lymphoid cells that will synthesize and secrete both IgM and IgG immunoglobulins.The present report describes a new immunoglobulin-like protein present in the sera of such agammaglobulinemic chickens. This protein, which is found in the absence of IgM and IgG, apparently has a structure different from any reported immunoglobulin. It is made only of heavy chains of the u-type and contains no light chains. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bursectomy and irradiationThe inbred strain of white Leghorn chickens, line 91, was obtained from Hyline Poultry, Inc.Chicken embryos were bursectomized in ovo at 18 days of embryonation and irradiated on the day of hatching, as described by Cooper et al. (3) Newly hatched chickens were exposed to sublethal doses of total body x-irradiation at a dose rate of 48.2 R/min in air, to a total dose of 650 R. For the most effective irradiation, the chickens were packed in a specially designed lucite cage that was divided into two concentric rings, which were each subdivided into 20 wedgeshaped compartments. Each compartment holds one newly hatched chicken. AntiseraRabbit antisera against chicken immunoglobulins were prepared by injection of purified chicken IgM and IgG: For immunization, chicken IgM and IgG were prepared as follows: chickens were stimulated by injections of Dnp-Brucella, about 1010 organisms/chicken, in complete Freund adjuvant. Immune chicken serum was adsorbed by DnpSepharose and eluted by 0.2 M glycine HCl buffer (pH 2.8), as described by Cuatrecases et al. (4). IgM was separated from IgG by gel filtration through a Sephadex G-200 column (2.5 X 100 cm) in 0.015 M Tris HCl buffer (pH 7.4) with 0.14 M NaCl. Chicken immunoglobulin thus purified exhibited a single band in immunoelectrophoresis against a rabbit antiserum prepared against whole chicken serum. The purity of IgM and IgG was further verified by demonstrating a single band in rabbit antiserum prepared against these purified antigens.Anti-,u antiserum was prepared from anti-IgM by a solid immune adsorption technique with polymerized chicken IgG by the method of Avrameas and Ternynck (5). This technique is described below and was used in isolating immunoglobulin-like molecules from bursectomized, irradiated chicken serum. Solid immune adsorptionIsolation of new immunoglobulin-like molecules was performed by immune adsorption as described by Avrameas and Ternynck (5). 10 ml of rabbit anti-IgM was polymerized by slowly adding 3-4 ml of 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). After 3 hr of polymerization at ...

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Development and Function of the Immunoglobulin Producing System

Cited by 175 publications

References 10 publications

Stochastic rearrangement of immunoglobulin variable-region genes in chicken B-cell development.

Stochastic rearrangement of immunoglobulin variable-region genes in chicken B-cell development.

Evaluation of the possible role of B cell receptors in the tendency of B cells to migrate into follicles in mice and chickens^*

New Immunoglobulin-like Molecules in the Serum of Bursectomized-Irradiated Chickens

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Development and Function of the Immunoglobulin Producing System

Cited by 175 publications

References 10 publications

Stochastic rearrangement of immunoglobulin variable-region genes in chicken B-cell development.

Stochastic rearrangement of immunoglobulin variable-region genes in chicken B-cell development.

Evaluation of the possible role of B cell receptors in the tendency of B cells to migrate into follicles in mice and chickens*

New Immunoglobulin-like Molecules in the Serum of Bursectomized-Irradiated Chickens

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Evaluation of the possible role of B cell receptors in the tendency of B cells to migrate into follicles in mice and chickens^*