Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract

Abdelgawad, Mohamed A.; Elmowafy, Mohammed; Musa, Arafa; Al-Sanea, Mohammad M.; Nayl, A.A.; Ghoneim, Mohammed M.; Ahmed, Yasmine M.; Hassan, Hossam M.; AboulMagd, Asmaa M.; Salem, Heba F.; Abdelwahab, Nada S.

doi:10.3390/molecules27020375

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…Methanol is considered one of the greener solvents that can be used. Methanol has been used as a green solvent to analyze metformin [38] and Fluvastatin [39]. Based on the green solvent selection tool (GSST), in which the G value ranges from 1 to 10, and the highest G value is the greenest solvent, the G value of methanol is 5.8 (category score: W = 4.0, H = 4.9, E = 8.4, S = 7.1, where health is H, safety is S, environment is E, and waste disposal is W. This value considers methanol a green solvent [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Robust and Reliable UPLC Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Rosuvastatin Calcium, Glibenclamide, and Candesartan Cilexetil

Ibrahim,

Sherif,

Alshora

et al. 2024

Separations

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Metabolic syndrome is an associated condition that occurs together and increases the risk of heart disease and diabetes. These conditions include high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and high body mass index (BMI) in terms of cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Most of the elderly population may administer three drugs to control the above conditions. Therefore, this study aims to develop an analytical assay for the precise analysis of three components and to formulate a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug-Delivery System (SNEDDS) loaded with three drugs: Rosuvastatin Calcium (RC; antilipidemic), Glibenclamide (GB; antidiabetic), and Candesartan Cilexetil (CC; antihypertensive). A design of the experiment was developed at a level of 32, and the influence of column temperature and flow rate was studied in terms of retention time, peak area, peak asymmetry, and resolution. The assay was subjected to several studies to ensure its validation. Under the optimized conditions—column temperature at 50 °C and flow rate at 0.25 mL/min—the three drugs, RC, GB, and CC, are separated. Their retention times are 0.840, 1.800, and 5.803 min, respectively. The assay was valid in terms of linearity, accuracy, and precision. Moreover, the developed assay shows a good tolerance against any change in the condition. The assay was tested also to separate the drugs in a pharmaceutical formulation as SNEDDs. The assay successfully separates the drug with a good resolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Robust and Reliable UPLC Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Rosuvastatin Calcium, Glibenclamide, and Candesartan Cilexetil

Ibrahim,

Sherif,

Alshora

et al. 2024

Separations

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Simultaneous estimation of rutin and donepezil through RP-HPLC: implication in pharmaceutical and biological samples

Rana,

Mishra,

Tripathi

et al. 2024

Bioanalysis

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Effects of Catha edulis (Khat) on the Pharmacokinetics of Metformin in Diabetic Rats Using UPLC/MS/MS Analysis and Its Impact on Hepatic CYP450 Enzymes

et al. 2023

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Catha edulis Forsk., commonly known as Khat, is a stimulant plant that is chewed in the Horn of Africa and the southern regions of the Arabian Peninsula. It is often used alongside conventional drugs, but there is a lack of research on its interactions with other drugs. In this study, our aim was to investigate the possibility of an herb–drug interaction between KT extract and metformin (MT) by exploring the effect of KT on the in vivo pharmacokinetics of MT in diabetic Wistar albino rats and monitoring blood glucose levels through time intervals, comparing when MT was given alone and co-administered with KT. Rats were given 500 mg/kg of KT extract and 300 mg/kg of MT daily for 7 days. The pharmacokinetic parameters of MT were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. The quantification was conducted using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode. The transitions used were (m/z) 130.006→59.939 for MT and 260.125→116.018 for propranolol as an internal standard (IS). An Acquity UPLC BEH HSS T3 C18 column was used with isocratic elution, and the mobile phase was formic acid (0.1%): acetonitrile (70:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. In addition, the study delved into the in vitro impact of KT on the CYP3A4 enzyme, seeking to identify any potential disruptions in MT’s metabolism that could alter its pharmacokinetics. The effect of KT extract on CYP3A4 enzyme activity was investigated using fluorescence-based enzyme assays and a CYP3A4 Inhibitor Screening Kit. The results indicated that the combined treatment showed increased systemic exposure to MT, with Cmax and AUC levels increasing by 33.42% and 45.23%, respectively. Additionally, the combination treatment led to significantly lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels compared to the groups treated with MT alone. It was found that at a concentration of 500 µg/mL, the CYP3A4 enzyme activity was maximally suppressed by approximately 57%, while at 250 µg/mL, it was inhibited by almost 50%. In comparison, the standard Ketoconazole only inhibited CYP3A4 activity by approximately 58%. Therefore, the in vitro results suggest that KT extract has the potential to affect CYP3A4 activity at high doses. In conclusion, the combination treatment resulted in a significant increase in MT’s blood sugar-lowering effects. Therefore, it is important to be aware of this potential interaction and to monitor blood sugar levels closely when using KT alongside MT.

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Development and Greenness Assessment of HPLC Method for Studying the Pharmacokinetics of Co-Administered Metformin and Papaya Extract

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

A Robust and Reliable UPLC Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Rosuvastatin Calcium, Glibenclamide, and Candesartan Cilexetil

A Robust and Reliable UPLC Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Rosuvastatin Calcium, Glibenclamide, and Candesartan Cilexetil

Simultaneous estimation of rutin and donepezil through RP-HPLC: implication in pharmaceutical and biological samples

Effects of Catha edulis (Khat) on the Pharmacokinetics of Metformin in Diabetic Rats Using UPLC/MS/MS Analysis and Its Impact on Hepatic CYP450 Enzymes

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