Development and growth of the craniocervical junction with special reference to topographical relationship between the occipital basion, the anterior arch of atlas, and the odontoid process of axis: A study using human fetuses

Ishii, Michitake; Cho, Kwang Ho; Kitamura, Kei; Yamamoto, Masahito; Murakami, Gen; Rodríguez‐Vázquez, José Francisco; Abe, Shinichi

doi:10.1002/ar.24424

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…During this period, human fetuses have a large gap between the cerebrum and the calvaria [23][24][25]. In contrast, the cranial base is close to the brainstem, thalamus, and hypothalamus [23][24][25]. This study demonstrated the development of a temporary connecting apparatus from 7 to 14 WD.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 67%

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Development of the cartilaginous connecting apparatuses in the fetal sphenoid, with a focus on the alar process

et al. 2021

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The human fetal sphenoid is reported to have a cartilaginous connecting apparatus known as the alar process (AP), which connects the ala temporalis (AT) (angle of the greater wing of the sphenoid) to the basisphenoid (anlage of the sphenoid body). However, how the AP develops in humans is unclear. In addition, although the AP is a common structure of the mammalian chondrocranium, little is known about whether it is really a fundamental feature in mammals. This study examined the histological sections of 20 human embryos and fetuses from 6 to 14 weeks of development, of 20 mouse embryos from embryonic days 12–18, and of 4 rats embryos form embryonic days 17 and 20. In addition, we reconsidered the definition of the AP by comparing humans and rats with mice. In humans, the AP was continuous with the basisphenoid but was separated from the AT by a thick perichondrium. Then, the AP–AT connection had a key-and-keyhole structure. Unlike a joint, no cavitation developed in this connection. In mice, there was no boundary between the AT and the basisphenoid, indicating the absence of the AP in the mouse chondrocranium. In rats, the AP was, however, separated from the AT by a thick perichondrium. Therefore, the AP can be defined as follows: the AP is temporally separated from the AT by a thick perichondrium or a key-and-keyhole structure during the fetal period. This is the first study that confirms the absence of the alar process in the mice skull, and its presence in other mammals skull should be further investigated.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 67%

“…During the fetal period, the peak increase in brain weight occurs between 9 and 18 weeks [22]. During this period, human fetuses have a large gap between the cerebrum and the calvaria [23][24][25]. In contrast, the cranial base is close to the brainstem, thalamus, and hypothalamus [23][24][25].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the cartilaginous connecting apparatuses in the fetal sphenoid, with a focus on the alar process

et al. 2021

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“…Although it was out of the focus, our recent study of the fetal occipitovertebral junction (Ishii et al, 2020; Kitamura et al, 2019; Sakanaka et al, 2019) demonstrated that the morphology of the subaxial cervical ZJ was quite different from that in adults. The cervical joint cavity (JC) is very large because it extends posteromedially along the vertebral lamina far beyond the articular cartilage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional differences in zygapophysial joint cavities: A histological study of human fetuses

Kitamura

Kim

Cho

et al. 2020

The Anatomical Record

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Human zygapophysial joints (ZJ) have regional differences in shape and orientation during prenatal growth. However, there is limited knowledge of the synovial recess during fetal development. We examined sagittal and horizontal histological sections of the vertebral columns of 30 human fetuses at gestational ages of 8–37 weeks. Fetuses of all gestational ages had subaxial cervical articular processes that were thicker than in the thoracolumbar regions, and as large as the corresponding vertebral bodies. A small or large synovial recess extending beyond the articular cartilage was evident at most regions. The cervical ZJ had large or deep recesses that extended inferiorly in midterm fetuses and posteromedially along the vertebral pedicle and lamina in near‐term fetuses. Likewise, the thoracic ZJ had small recesses that extended superiorly in midterm fetuses and medially in near‐term fetuses. The lumbar recesses extended laterally beyond the medially shifted articular cartilage of the upper adjacent vertebrae in near‐term fetuses and the lumbar articular surface was smallest in the three regions at all stages. At any region, a deep recess appeared before an area expansion of the ZJ cartilage. A drastic change in direction and size of the prenatal recess seemed to occur depending on a possible minute dislocation of the ZJ. In particular, a deep posteromedial recess of the cervical ZJ, which extended far beyond the articular cartilage, might be necessary to maintain high flexibility suitable for the strong flexion posture in utero.

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“…Therefore, using histological sections of human fetuses, this study aimed to 1) characterize the growing jugular process in fetuses and 2) examine the C1 nerve course near and around the RCLM. Our recent studies have revealed the topographical anatomy at the occipitovertebral junction in human fetuses [2,6,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectus capitis lateralis muscle revisited: a histological study using human fetuses

Murakami,

Cho,

Kitamura

et al. 2023

Surg Radiol Anat

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BackgroundRectus capitis lateralis muscle (RCLM) is located at the border between the ventral and dorsal muscle groups, but the nerve topographical anatomy around the muscle is obscure. Materials and MethodsWe observed the RCLM in histological sections of 12 midterm and 10 near-term fetal heads (9-18 and 26-40 weeks of gestational age). ResultsAt midterm, the RCLM wrapped around the inferiorly protruding inferolateral corner of the cartilaginous occipital bone. The muscle was adjacent to, or even continued to, the intertransversarius muscle between the atlas and axis. At near-term, the jugular process of the occipital bone, that is, the RCLM upper insertion, was either cartilaginous or bony, depending on age. The process formed a collar supporting the internal jugular vein from the inferior side. Moreover, the muscle is tightly attached to or inserted into the venous wall itself. The cartilaginous jugular process was adjacent to Reichert's cartilage, and the uppermost muscle bers passed through a narrow space between these cartilages. The RCLM appeared to accelerate the jugular process elongation, resulting in complete union of the occipital and temporal bones. The ventral ramus of the rst cervical nerve passed between the RCLM and rectus capitis anterior muscle to reach the longus capitis muscle. No nerve passed between the RCLM and the obliquus capitis superior muscle (a muscle at the suboccipital triangle). ConclusionThe dorsoventral position of the RCLM seemed to correspond to the scalenus posterior muscle in a laminar arrangement of the cervical axial musculature. the atlas. The dorsal ramus extends to the posterior side of all muscles shown in the gure. For other abbreviations, see the common abbreviation.

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Development and growth of the craniocervical junction with special reference to topographical relationship between the occipital basion, the anterior arch of atlas, and the odontoid process of axis: A study using human fetuses

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Development of the cartilaginous connecting apparatuses in the fetal sphenoid, with a focus on the alar process

Development of the cartilaginous connecting apparatuses in the fetal sphenoid, with a focus on the alar process

Regional differences in zygapophysial joint cavities: A histological study of human fetuses

Rectus capitis lateralis muscle revisited: a histological study using human fetuses

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