Development and Implementation of an Upper Respiratory Infection Treatment Protocol in a Primary Care Health Clinic

Aplin-Snider, Christina; Cooper, Denise; Dieleman, P. W. M. T.; Smith, Autumn

doi:10.1177/2150132720966811

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…Approximately 100 million antibiotic prescriptions are written, on an average, every year for URTI, and among them, half are prescribed inappropriately leading to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide. 1 AMR, which was initially referred to as antibiotic resistance or drug resistance, was first highlighted in 1945 by Dr. Alexander Fleming. 2 AMR develops when disease-causing microbe, through mutation or gene transfer, acquires the ability to survive exposure to an antimicrobial agent that was previously an effective treatment for that particular disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics prescribing practices for sore throat in a sub-urban primary care clinic

et al. 2022

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Background and Objective: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the serious health problems in Pakistan. Excessive use of antibiotics during pandemics has aggravated AMR; hence, rational use in the future is even more important to consider and implement. Clinical audits on antibiotic prescribing in general practice can help improve antimicrobial stewardship. This study was designed as an audit to evaluate if the antibiotics prescribed for Streptococcus pharyngitis at a sub-urban primary care center in Pakistan were in line with the standard and latest guidelines. Methods: A retrospective audit was carried out at the primary care center located at Nainsukh, Lahore, Pakistan during 1 month period. Both adult and pediatric patients (above 3 years of age) presenting with upper respiratory tract infections were included in the study. A total of 48 consultation cards were identified using International Classification of Diseases 10 coding. The antibiotic prescribing practice of primary care physicians was evaluated against the Modified Centor Criteria (MCC) which was used as a standard. A score of ≤3 required no antibiotic whereas a score of ≥ 3 needed a same-day antibiotic prescription for sore throat. Results: There were 28 (58.3%) patients presenting with MCC of ≤3 and were not given antibiotics. Antibiotic prescriptions issued on the day of presentation were n = 20; however, only n = 7 (35%) met the standard criteria, i.e., MCC score of ≥3 and among these patients, penicillin remained the first choice with 71% patients receiving amoxicillin, while 28% received co-amoxiclav. Conclusion: Antibiotic stewardship is lacking among general physicians working at the sub-urban primary health care center in Lahore city. Clinical audits, as a part of clinical governance, may help improving the quality of care provided to the community by the regional primary health care physicians.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics prescribing practices for sore throat in a sub-urban primary care clinic

et al. 2022

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Antibacterial activity of new ciprofloxacin conjugates

Gheith M Alasadi,

Zaid Al-Obaidi

2024

AJPS

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Numerous antibiotics are no longer effective against certain germs, rendering it harder to treat illnesses and inflicting unnecessary suffering and death on many individuals. This necessitates the introduction of new antibacterial agents to counteract bacterial antibiotic resistance. In a previous published work, new ciprofloxacin conjugates were synthesized by amidification and esterification of the ciprofloxacin core structure. The antibacterial activity of these new ciprofloxacin derivatives was evaluated by clinical and laboratory standard instruments. The Laboratory of Public Health/ Branch of Microbiology in Karbala evaluated their collected strains for each species. All compounds exhibited antibacterial properties, where the inhibition zones were measured and the values reported. Bacterial susceptibility to recently produced chemicals tended to be as follows: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli. The synthesized compounds had stronger antibacterial properties than the ciprofloxacin used as a starting point.

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Changes in the Microbiome During Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Mezer,

Chalama,

Bratt

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses with a yet unknown etiology. As studies continue to elucidate the disease’s heterogeneity inflammatory profile and presentation, there is a growing interest in the influence of the nasal microbiome on disease pathogenesis and chronicity. The sinus microbiota appear dominated by the Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium genera; known upper airway pathogens, such as Haemophilus influenza, are present in the upper airways of healthy individuals, though at relatively lower abundances than in CRS patients. Viral culprits may induce an unhindered local immune response that contributes to the recurrence and chronicity of inverted papillomas—benign mucosal lesions with the propensity for local destruction and malignant transformation that can be found in patients with a history of nasal infection. The persistence of inverted papillomas warrants investigation into their pathogenesis and how they may contribute to a nasal landscape promoting the chronicity of CRS. Further investigation is needed to uncover the interplay between resident microbiota and viral, fungal, and immunological influence. Discerning between ‘healthy’ and ‘diseased’ sinonasal microbiomes and ‘keystone’ species could shed light on CRS etiology and provide the opportunity for CRS treatment tailored to an individual’s microbiome. This review aims to explore the interrelation of microbial residents in the pathogenesis and chronicity of the diseased sinonasal environment.

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Development and Implementation of an Upper Respiratory Infection Treatment Protocol in a Primary Care Health Clinic

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Antibiotics prescribing practices for sore throat in a sub-urban primary care clinic

Antibiotics prescribing practices for sore throat in a sub-urban primary care clinic

Antibacterial activity of new ciprofloxacin conjugates

Changes in the Microbiome During Chronic Rhinosinusitis

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