Development and implementation of river‐routing process module in a regional climate model and its evaluation in Korean river basins

Lee, Jiwoo; Hong, Song‐You; Kim, Jung-Eun Esther; Yoshimura, Kei; Ham, Suryun; Joh, Minsu

doi:10.1002/2014jd022698

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…RCMs have often consisted of atmospheric and land components that do not include all possible Earth system processes and therefore neglect important processes such as air-sea coupling (in standard RCMs sea surface temperatures, SSTs, are prescribed from global model simulations or reanalyses) or the chemistry of aerosol-cloud interaction (aerosols prescribed with a climatology), which may influence regional climate projections. Therefore, some RCMs have been extended by coupling to additional components like interactive oceans, sometimes with sea ice (Kjellström et al, 2005;Somot et al, 2008;Van Pham et al, 2014;Sein et al, 2015;Ruti et al, 2016;Zou and Zhou, 2016a;Samanta et al, 2018), rivers (Sevault et al, 2014;Lee et al, 2015;Di Sante et al, 2019), glaciers (Kotlarski et al, 2010), and aerosols (Zakey et al, 2006;Zubler et al, 2011;Nabat et al, 2015). The coupling of these components allows for the investigation of additional climate processes such as regional sea level change (Adloff et al, 2018), ocean-land interactions (Lima et al, 2019;Soares et al, 2019a), or the impact of high-frequency ocean-atmosphere coupling on the climatology of Mediterranean cyclones (Flaounas et al, 2018).…”

Section: Regionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Global to Regional Climate Change

Doblas‐Reyes¹,

Sörensson²,

Almazroui³

et al. 2023

Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis

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Linking Global to Regional Climate Change Chapter 10 10 are introduced and assessed in Section 10.3. Section 10.3 also addresses the performance of models in simulating relevant climate characteristics as needed to estimate the credibility of future projections. Section 10.4 assesses the interplay between anthropogenic causes and internal variability at regional scales, and its relevance for the attribution of regional climate changes and the emergence of regional climate change signals. Section 10.5 tackles the issue of how regional climate information is distilled from different sources taking into account the context and the values of both the producer and the user. Section 10.6 illustrates the distillation approach using three comprehensive examples. Finally, Section 10.7 lists some limitations to the assessment of regional climate information.

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Section: Regionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Global to Regional Climate Change

Doblas‐Reyes¹,

Sörensson²,

Almazroui³

et al. 2023

Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis

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show abstract

“…Decadal variations in Baltic Sea salinity are largely caused by the accumulated runoff to the water body (Meier and Kauker, 2003;Väli et al, 2013;Radtke et al, 2020). On the one hand, the thermohaline circulation of the Baltic Sea is also influenced by inflows of highly saline water from the North Sea (that itself may be strongly impacted by precipitation and river runoff; Lehmann and Hinrichsen, 2000). On the other hand, river runoff into and net precipitation over the Baltic Sea mainly induce its outflow into the North Sea where it is an important source of stratification in the northwestern European shelf (Hordoir and Meier, 2010).…”

Section: Hydrological Coupling -Closing the Water Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled regional Earth system modeling in the Baltic Sea region

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Nonlinear responses to externally forced climate change are known to dampen or amplify the local climate impact due to complex cross-compartmental feedback loops in the Earth system. These feedbacks are less well represented in the traditional stand-alone atmosphere and ocean models on which many of today's regional climate assessments rely (e.g., EURO-CORDEX, NOSCCA and BACC II). This has promoted the development of regional climate models for the Baltic Sea region by coupling different compartments of the Earth system into more comprehensive models. Coupled models more realistically represent feedback loops than the information imposed on the region by prescribed boundary conditions and, thus, permit more degrees of freedom. In the past, several coupled model systems have been developed for Europe and the Baltic Sea region. This article reviews recent progress on model systems that allow two-way communication between atmosphere and ocean models; models for the land surface, including the terrestrial biosphere; and wave models at the air–sea interface and hydrology models for water cycle closure. However, several processes that have mostly been realized by one-way coupling to date, such as marine biogeochemistry, nutrient cycling and atmospheric chemistry (e.g., aerosols), are not considered here. In contrast to uncoupled stand-alone models, coupled Earth system models can modify mean near-surface air temperatures locally by up to several degrees compared with their stand-alone atmospheric counterparts using prescribed surface boundary conditions. The representation of small-scale oceanic processes, such as vertical mixing and sea-ice dynamics, appears essential to accurately resolve the air–sea heat exchange over the Baltic Sea, and these parameters can only be provided by online coupled high-resolution ocean models. In addition, the coupling of wave models at the ocean–atmosphere interface allows for a more explicit formulation of small-scale to microphysical processes with local feedbacks to water temperature and large-scale processes such as oceanic upwelling. Over land, important climate feedbacks arise from dynamical terrestrial vegetation changes as well as the implementation of land-use scenarios and afforestation/deforestation that further alter surface albedo, roughness length and evapotranspiration. Furthermore, a good representation of surface temperatures and roughness length over open sea and land areas is critical for the representation of climatic extremes such as heavy precipitation, storms, or tropical nights (defined as nights where the daily minimum temperature does not fall below 20 ∘C), and these parameters appear to be sensitive to coupling. For the present-day climate, many coupled atmosphere–ocean and atmosphere–land surface models have demonstrated the added value of single climate variables, in particular when low-quality boundary data were used in the respective stand-alone model. This makes coupled models a prospective tool for downscaling climate change scenarios from global climate models because these models often have large biases on the regional scale. However, the coupling of hydrology models to close the water cycle remains problematic, as the accuracy of precipitation provided by atmosphere models is, in most cases, insufficient to realistically simulate the runoff to the Baltic Sea without bias adjustments. Many regional stand-alone ocean and atmosphere models are tuned to suitably represent present-day climatologies rather than to accurately simulate climate change. Therefore, more research is required into how the regional climate sensitivity (e.g., the models' response to a given change in global mean temperature) is affected by coupling and how the spread is altered in multi-model and multi-scenario ensembles of coupled models compared with uncoupled ones.

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“…Several studies exists where a RCM was coupled to a very-high resolution regional HM but currently these studies cover only short periods or relatively small catchments/areas (e.g., Mauser and Bach, 2009;Larsen et al, 2014;Shrestha et al, 2014;Senatore et al, 2015). Over Korea, the discharge model TRIP has been coupled to a RCM at 0.5 • , 0.25 • , and 0.125 • in preparation of future RCMS studies (Lee et al, 2015). To our knowledge, none of the HMs used in the studies listed above has been used in a fully coupled RCSM setup that can be applied for climate time scales and large-scale areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Resolution Discharge Simulations Over Europe and the Baltic Sea Catchment

2020

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Regional coupled system models require a high-resolution discharge component to couple their atmosphere/land components to the ocean component and to adequately resolve smaller catchments and the day-today variability of discharge. As the currently coupled discharge models usually do not fulfill this requirement, we improved a well-established discharge model, the Hydrological Discharge (HD) model, to be globally applicable at 5 Min. resolution. As the first coupled high-resolution discharge simulations are planned over Europe and the Baltic Sea catchment, we focus on the respective regions in the present study. As no river specific parameter adjustments were conducted and since the HD model parameters depend on globally available gridded characteristics, the model is, in principle, applicable for climate change studies and over ungauged catchments. For the validation of the 5 Min. HD (HD5) model, we force it with prescribed fields of surface and subsurface runoff. As no large-scale observations of these variables exist, they need to be calculated by a land surface scheme or hydrology model using observed or re-analyzed meteorological data. In order to pay regard to uncertainties introduced by these calculations, three different methods and datasets were used to derive the required fields of surface and subsurface runoff for the forcing of the HD5 model. However, the evaluation of the model performance itself is hampered by biases in these fields as they impose an upper limit on the accuracy of simulated discharge. 10-years simulations (2000-2009) show that for many European rivers, where daily discharge observations were available for comparison, the HD5 model captures the main discharge characteristics reasonably well. Deficiencies of the simulated discharge could often be traced back to deficits in the various forcing datasets. As direct anthropogenic impact on the discharge, such as by regulation or dams, is not regarded in the HD model, those effects can generally not be simulated. Thus, discharges for many heavily regulated rivers in Scandinavia or for the rivers Volga and Don are not well represented by the model. The comparison of the three sets of simulated discharges indicates that the HD5 model is suitable to evaluate the terrestrial hydrological cycle of climate models or land surface models, especially with regard to the separation of throughfall (rain or snow melt) into surface and subsurface runoff.

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Development and implementation of river‐routing process module in a regional climate model and its evaluation in Korean river basins

Cited by 9 publications

References 81 publications

Linking Global to Regional Climate Change

Linking Global to Regional Climate Change

Coupled regional Earth system modeling in the Baltic Sea region

High Resolution Discharge Simulations Over Europe and the Baltic Sea Catchment

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