Development and Initial Validation of the Classification of Early-Onset Scoliosis (C-EOS)

Williams, Brendan A.; Matsumoto, Hiroko; McCalla, Daren; Akbarnia, Behrooz A.; Blakemore, Laurel C.; Betz, Randal R.; Flynn, John M.; Johnston, Charles E.; McCarthy, R.; Roye, David P.; Skaggs, David L.; Smith, John T.; Snyder, Brian D.; Sponseller, Paul D.; Sturm, Peter; Thompson, George H.; Yazıcı, Muharrem; Vitale, Michael G.

doi:10.2106/jbjs.m.00253

Cited by 251 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Etiologies were classified per the classification of EOS as congenital, idiopathic, neuromuscular, and syndromic [12]. Spinal height (T1eS1) was measured on posteroanterior radiographs from the midpoint of the cephalad end plate of T1 to the midpoint of the cephalad end plate of S1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Growing Rods Versus Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods for the Surgical Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Case-Matched 2-Year Study

et al. 2014

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Growing Rods Versus Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods for the Surgical Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Case-Matched 2-Year Study

et al. 2014

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“…3 The true prevalence of EOS is unknown, although idiopathic EOS accounts for <1% of all scoliosis cases. 4 Congenital scoliosis results from abnormalities of vertebral development in utero and may include single or multiple hemivertebrae or segmentation defects with or without associated rib fusion.…”

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confidence: 99%

Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Review of History, Current Treatment, and Future Directions

et al. 2016

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Early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is defined as curvature of the spine in children >10° with onset before age 10 years. Young children with EOS are at risk for impaired pulmonary function because of the high risk of progressive spinal deformity and thoracic constraints during a critical time of lung development. The treatment of EOS is very challenging because the population is inhomogeneous, often medically complex, and often needs multiple surgeries. In the past, early spinal fusion was performed in children with severe progressive EOS, which corrected scoliosis but limited spine and thoracic growth and resulted in poor pulmonary outcomes. The current goal in treatment of EOS is to maximize growth of the spine and thorax by controlling the spinal deformity, with the aim of promoting normal lung development and pulmonary function. Bracing and casting may improve on the natural history of progression of spinal deformity and are often used to delay surgical intervention or in some cases obviate surgery. Recent advances in surgical implants and techniques have led to the development of growth-friendly implants, which have replaced early spine fusion as the surgical treatment of choice. Treatment with growth-friendly implants usually requires multiple surgeries and is associated with frequent complications. However, growth-friendly spine surgery has been shown to correct spinal deformity while allowing growth of the spine and subsequently lung growth.

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“…Experience with these techniques, combined with fundamental research [6][7][8], has brought progress in the understanding of spinal and thoracic growth and pulmonary development, leading to a specific classification of these deformities [9] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusionless surgery in early-onset scoliosis

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Ilharreborde

Miladi

et al. 2015

Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research

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These techniques are effective in controlling early scoliotic deformity, and to some extent restore spinal growth. However, they show a high rate of complications: infection, rod breakage, spinal fixation pull out and, above all, progressive spinal stiffness, reducing long-term efficacy. Respiratory gain is harder to assess, as thoracic expansion does not systematically improve respiratory function, particularly due to impaired compliance of the thoracic cage.

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Development and Initial Validation of the Classification of Early-Onset Scoliosis (C-EOS)

Cited by 251 publications

References 36 publications

Traditional Growing Rods Versus Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods for the Surgical Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Case-Matched 2-Year Study

Traditional Growing Rods Versus Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods for the Surgical Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Case-Matched 2-Year Study

Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Review of History, Current Treatment, and Future Directions

Fusionless surgery in early-onset scoliosis

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