Development and large volume production of extremely high current density YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting wires for fusion

Abstract

The fusion power density produced in a tokamak is proportional to its magnetic field strength to the fourth power. Second-generation high temperature superconductor (2G HTS) wires demonstrate remarkable engineering current density (averaged over the full wire), JE, at very high magnetic fields, driving progress in fusion and other applications. The key challenge for HTS wires has been to offer an acceptable combination of high and consistent superconducting performance in high magnetic fields, high volume supply, and low price. Here we report a very high and reproducible JE in practical HTS wires based on a simple YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) superconductor formulation with Y2O3 nanoparticles, which have been delivered in just nine months to a commercial fusion customer in the largest-volume order the HTS industry has seen to date. We demonstrate a novel YBCO superconductor formulation without the c-axis correlated nano-columnar defects that are widely believed to be prerequisite for high in-field performance. The simplicity of this new formulation allows robust and scalable manufacturing, providing, for the first time, large volumes of consistently high performance wire, and the economies of scale necessary to lower HTS wire prices to a level acceptable for fusion and ultimately for the widespread commercial adoption of HTS.

Сравнительный Анализ Магнитосиловых Характеристик Магнитных Линеек На Основе Постоянных Магнитов И Сверхпроводящих Лент

“…Параметры приближения A 1 = 2.3665 • 10 8 A/m 2 , A 2 = = 1.7884 • 10 8 A/m 2 , β 1 = 0.1175 T и β 2 = 1.2238 T определены в работе [26] подгонкой к экспериментальной зависимости работы [24] методом наименьших квадратов. В рассматриваемой геометрии МЛ |B| = B 2 X + B 2 Z .…”

“…Для соответствия экспериментальным данным работы [24] γ(T = 77 K) = 1, γ(T = 65 K) = 2, γ(T = 30 K) = 6. Введем новые переменные X ′ = X/a, Y ′ =Y /a, Z ′ = Z/a ′ , j ′ = j • a. В новые аналоги выражений (1)−( 11) величины a и γ входят только в виде произведения a • γ = γ ′ .…”

“…SuperOx (см., например, [23]). Для ВТСП-лент, произведенных фирмой SuperOx, в соответствие с данными работ[24,25] плотность критического тока J c в чистом сверхпроводнике GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x при температуре T = 77 K равна 2.77 • 10 10 A/m 2 . Также как в работе[26] полагаем, что толщина ВТСП-слоя в ленте h = 1.5 µm.…”

Continuum sensitivity and design optimization of superconducting systems under critical current densities with magnetic field dependence

“…Superconducting materials have a characteristic critical current density above which the superconductivity is destroyed. In addition, the critical current density depends on the magnetic field applied to the superconducting materials (Hu et al 2016;Molodyk et al 2021;Zhang et al 2018). The non-linearity of the critical current density with respect to the magnetic field is a characteristic of type-II superconductors, which are made of alloys or impure metals and have inherent features different from those of type-I.…”

Using Magnetic Nanoparticles to Improve Flux Pinning in YBa2Cu3Ox Films

“…Superconducting industry strongly matured in recent years becoming ready for challenges such as fusion reaction [1]. Another challenge would be the introduction of superconductors in suggested Norwegian liquid hydrogen value chain.…”