Development and linear growth in diabetic children receiving insulin pigment

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to ascertain if there are differences in the development and linear growth between a group of diabetic children who had been receiving insulin pigment and healthy children. Methods: A total of 57 Chinese children with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at the age from 6 to 10 years old (26 boys and 31 girls) were included in the study. Their height and weight and development conditions were recorded until they reached their 18th birthday. Results: Diabetic children were taller than healthy children at the onset of diabetes, even though there was no signifi cant difference between them [male height standard deviation score (SDS): 0.34 ± 0.93, female height SDS: 0.38 ± 0.50]. When they reached their fi nal height, they were slightly shorter than the healthy group. However, there were still no significant differences between these two groups (male height SDS: -0.42 ± 0.95, female height SDS: -0.60 ± 0.98). The median age at onset of puberty, 12.62 years in boys and 11.13 years in girls, was signifi cantly delayed in diabetic boys compared to 10.55 years in healthy boys and 9.2 years in healthy girls. The median age at menarche in diabetic girls (14.15 years) was also delayed compared with 12.27 years in healthy girls. The majority of these diabetic children were thinner than the healthy children when they were diagnosed [male body mass index (BMI): 14.45 ± 1.35 kg/m 2 vs. 16.08 ± 0.59 kg/m 2 , t = -0.63, p < 0.05; female BMI: 13.50 ± 1.87 kg/m 2 vs. 15.46 ± 0.45 kg/m 2 , t = -6.67, p < 0.05]; however, as they reached their fi nal height, they became fatter, especially the girls (male BMI: 21.43 ± 1.62 kg/m 2 vs. 20.8 ± 0.00 kg/m 2 , t = 1.97, p > 0.05; female BMI: 23.95 ± 2.37 kg/m 2 vs. 20.3 ± 0.00 kg/m 2 , t = 8.60, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Even with well-controlled glucose levels, the development of children with diabetes who had been receiving insulin pigment were still adversely affected. However, linear growth had only been slightly affected. All patients, especially girls, became fatter when they reached their fi nal height.

Delay in sexual maturation in perinatally HIV-infected youths is mediated by poor growth

“…Consistent with our findings of strong effects of growth on pubertal maturation, this African study found that lower height was associated with additional pubertal delays among HIV-infected boys and girls, and also observed effects of BMI on pubertal maturation only in girls [7, 14]. Other diseases known to affect growth in children, such as type 1 diabetes and cystic fibrosis, have also been shown to affect sexual maturation [28, 29]. …”

Effects of intraperitoneal insulin versus subcutaneous insulin administration on sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

“…Alterations found in SHBG and testosterone concentrations might be associated with disorders with an increased incidence among T1DM patients such as reproductive disorders, PCOS, increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in females, and a tendency to hypogonadism in males (29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37). Moreover, low testosterone concentrations were recently associated with the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications (38).…”

Association of cytomegalo virus with type I diabetes mellitus among children in Minia Governorate

“…This result was in agreement with that reported in lit. [13] Regarding laboratory parameters. Table 2 showed that diabetic children (group I) had significant higher fasting blood sugar and HbA1c % than the control group (group II).…”