Development and maintenance of surface gloss of dental composites after polishing and brushing: Review of the literature

Abstract

Objective To describe the effect of the composites' composition to produce high surface smoothness/gloss using finishers/polishers, and to assess maintained smoothness/gloss under toothbrush abrasion. Materials and methods PubMed papers published from January 01, 2000 to September 01, 2021 were included, and keywords used were: filler particle size, shape, amount of dental composites; finishing/polishing, gloss/roughness, and toothbrush abrasion of composites. Seventy‐five in‐vitro studies were included in this literature review. Forty‐six articles assessed filler particle size/composition/shape and distribution to obtain high gloss/smoothness on different formulations; and the finishers/polishers effect on these materials. Twenty‐nine papers assessed toothbrush abrasion of composites. Results Suprananofill/nanofill/microfills typically showed the smoothest and glossiest surfaces compared to nanohybrid, microhybrid and hybrid composites. Microfill (0.04–0.07 μm, 71–88 GU); suprananofill (0.001–0.8 μm, 52–92 GU), microhybrids (0.05–0.35 μm, 35–95 GU) and nanohybrids (0.05–0.21 μm, 66–97 GU). Composites with small, spherical particles tend to show smoother, glossier surfaces and more wear resistant compared to resin composites with larger or irregular particles. Several studies showed higher roughness and reduced gloss after toothbrush abrasion. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, suprananofill/nanofill/microfill composites tended to show the smoothest/glossiest surfaces due to smaller particle size. Composites with small, spherical particles tended to show smoother/glossier surfaces. Overall, toothbrush abrasion showed higher surface roughness and reduced gloss. Clinical Significance Suprananofills/nanofills/microfills had good polishability and polish retention due to their smaller particle size. The effectiveness of a polishing system is material‐dependent. In general, Enhance‐PoGo, Sof‐Lex discs, and Sof‐Lex Spiral wheels showed similar level of smoothness.

Evaluating the pH of Various Commercially Available Beverages in Pakistan: Impact of Highly Acidic Beverages on the Surface Hardness and Weight Loss of Human Teeth

“…Prior to testing, specimens were polished to remove debris, plaque and foreign particles. Briefly, samples were sequentially manually polished with silicon carbide papers of 600, 1200, 2500 and 4000 grit [ 29 , 30 ]. This was homogenous for all specimens.…”

Qual a importância do acabamento e polimento em restaurações diretas de resinas compostas nos dentes anteriores?

“…O acabamento da restauração foi realizado conforme descrito na literatura, seguindo-se as três etapas: anatomia primária, secundária e terciária (Dennis et al, 2021;Amaya-Pajares et al, 2022). Sendo realizado com discos abrasivos, a anatomia primária consiste na remoção dos excessos de resina composta em relação ao tamanho da restauração, inclinação dos terços da face vestibular do dente (cervical, médio e incisal), delimitação das arestas verticais do dente, espessura das bordas incisais e definição da bossa vestibular (Reis, et al, 2018;Sapata & Sato, 2017;Batihalim & Ratnasari, 2021).…”

The Effect of Different Polishing Methods on the Surface Roughness of Resin Composites (An In-Vitro Study)

“…Resin composites with spherical fillers tended to show the highest degree of smoothness and gloss compared with composites filled with irregular fillers, 26 as irregular particles protruding from the surface produce sharper edges compared to spherical fillers, which results in higher surface roughness measurements. 1 The difference found in surface properties as surface roughness can be a result of the extremely tight contact between the various fillers and the resin base in OM. Furthermore, the degradation in the organic filler has been reported to be almost at the same extent of that of the surrounding matrix confirming significant improvement of the coupling technology for each of the interface areas in OM.…”

“…Mean and standard deviation (SD) values of surface roughness (Ra) for different resin composites and polishing systems were presented in Table (5) and Figures (1).…”

“…Various factors contribute to the acquisition of a high-quality surface during finishing and polishing and to maintain that surface quality over time. 1 The most significant changes in resin composites have been made by far through improvements within the filler system, including variations in filler size, morphology, volume, distribution, or chemical composition. Since the dispersed fillers establish distinct differences in the material mechanical and optical properties, they provided a basis of valid resin composites classifications.…”