Development and Mental Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender Youth in Pediatric Practice

Adelson, Stewart L.; Stroeh, Oliver M.; Ng, Yiu Kee Warren

doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2016.07.002

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The findings are not only evidence of the poor conditions in which many LGBTQ adolescents and those with high gender nonconformity grow up, the findings are also relevant for pediatricians and primary care physicians who are often the first to see these youth in their practices. 10 From assessing these disparities it becomes clear that LGBTQ adolescents and those who are gender nonconforming are at increased risk for past or current experiences of abuse and at risk for developing health problems later in life because of these experiences. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities for LGBTQ and Gender Nonconforming Adolescents

Baams

2018

Pediatrics

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OBJECTIVES:To identify patterns of childhood adversity in a sample of adolescents and assess disparities in these experiences for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescents and by level of gender nonconformity.METHOD By using the cross-sectional, statewide, anonymous 2016 Minnesota Student Survey, 81 885 students were included in the current study (50.59% male; mean age = 15.51). Participants were enrolled in grades 9 and 11 in a total of 348 schools. RESULTS:Four patterns of childhood adversity were identified with sex-stratified latent class analyses (entropy = 0.833 males; 0.833 females), ranging from relatively low levels of abuse (85.3% males; 80.1% females) to polyvictimization (0.84% males; 1.98% females). A regression analysis showed that compared with heterosexual adolescents, gay, lesbian, bisexual, and questioning adolescents were more likely to be classified into profiles characterized by polyvictimization (odds ratio [OR] 1.81-7.53) and psychological and/ or physical abuse (OR 1.29-3.12), than no or low adversity. Similarly, compared with nontransgender adolescents, transgender adolescents were more likely to be classified into profiles characterized by patterns of polyvictimization (OR 1.49-2.91) and psychological and/or physical abuse (OR 1.23-1.96). A higher level of gender nonconformity predicted a higher likelihood of being classified into each adversity profile compared with the no or low adversity profile (OR 1.14-1.45). CONCLUSIONS:Sexual minority adolescents and adolescents with high levels of gender nonconformity are vulnerable to experience adversity. The disparities for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescents and adolescents with high gender nonconformity highlight the variation in patterns of childhood adversity that these youth are at risk of experiencing. The findings reveal the need for further research on the benefits and harm of screening for childhood adversity by physicians and pediatricians.abstract Pedagogy and Educational Sciences,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparities for LGBTQ and Gender Nonconforming Adolescents

Baams

2018

Pediatrics

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“…Results of recent meta-analyses demonstrated an over two-fold increase in risk of past-year suicide attempts in both sexual minority men and women compared to heterosexual men and women, and a four-fold excess life-time risk of suicide attempts in gay and bisexual men compared to heterosexual men (Adelson et al, 2016;Haas et al, 2011;Hall, 2018;King et al, 2008;Lucassen et al, 2017;Russell & Fish, 2016). Anxiety, depression, and substance abuse are at least fifty percent more common among sexual minorities compared to heterosexual individuals (Haas et al, 2011;King et al, 2008;Russell & Fish, 2016).…”

Section: Sexual Orientation-based Mental Health Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual orientation openness and depression symptoms: A population-based study.

Star¹,

Pachankis²,

Bränström³

2019

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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Background: Compared to heterosexual individuals, sexual minorities (e.g., those identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual) are at higher risk of several mental health problems, including suicidality, substance abuse, depression, and anxiety. Research has attributed much of these elevated risks to unique and chronic stress experiences, so-called minority stress, relating to the stigma and prejudice that many sexual minorities face. Less is known about how sexual minority stigma may function as a multilevel socio-ecological system that includes stigma-related risk factors at various levels, such as the structural (e.g., negative population attitudes and discriminatory laws and policies), interpersonal (e.g., victimization and harassment), and individual level (e.g., internalization of negative societal attitudes and concealment of sexual identity), to drive poor mental health among sexual minorities. Such a socio-ecological system of sexual minority stigma may feature unique characteristics and components, including 1) a chronosystem in which stigma-related factors may vary and exert effects across time, space, and the life course, 2) cross-level effects in which stigma-related factors at one level may give rise to stigma at another level, and 3) mechanisms that explain how stigma-related factors may compromise sexual minorities' mental health. Purpose and aims:The purpose of this Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) thesis was to contribute to the advancement of sexual minorities' mental health equity by furthering the scientific knowledge on the mechanisms underlying sexual orientation-based disparities in mental health. The Ph.D. thesis aimed to do so by 1) advancing theoretical thinking through combing the existing frameworks of minority stress and psychological mediation with socioecological theory, 2) examining mental health disparities by sexual orientation, and 3) testing different elements of a proposed socio-ecology of sexual minority stigma framework.Methods: Cross-sectional individual-level data were used from surveys sent out to sexual minorities living in Sweden, across Europe, and/or with migration backgrounds. The first two of the presented studies used probability-based sampling techniques to identify representative population-based samples, while the other two studies used convenience samples of sexual minorities who lived in, or have moved from, various countries, diverse in structural climates. Data for the latter two studies were combined with objective indicators of structural forms of stigma present in these countries. In all studies, mediation and/or moderation analyses were employed to examine the explanatory or buffering, respectively, mechanisms underlying the associations between stigma-related factors and sexual minority mental health or wellbeing.

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“…Young people experience many challenges in adolescence. Anxiety, depression and suicide are reported as causes of youth morbidity and mortality across the world (Adelson et al 2016). Empirical studies suggest that youth who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Questioning or Intersex (LGBTQI+) can find themselves faced with greater challenges, compared to youth of heterosexual orientation, as they navigate the heteronormative educational and societal institutions where children and youth spend much of their early lives (Almeida et al 2009;Fergusson et al 1999;Hafeez et al 2017;Russell and Fish 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LGBTQI+ Youth and Mental Health: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research

2019

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Due to increased levels of stigma, discrimination and victimization Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Questioning or Intersex (LGBTQI+) youth face particular challenges in society. With the intention of better understanding the challenges and issues that LGBTQI+ youth are experiencing, this systematic review explored qualitative studies with a focus on mental health services and the requisite social support service policies and programs for LGBTQI+ youth. Qualitative research systematically examines the expressed thoughts and feelings of the research participants, and through reflective analysis of the themes and links discussed, can provide rich and nuanced understanding. A synthesis of the included studies identified five core themes: (1) Isolation, rejection, phobia, need for support; (2) Marginalization; (3) Depression, self-harm and suicidality; (4) Policy and environment; and (5) Connectedness. Key results suggest that community, school, and family resources to support resilience will optimize LGBTQI+ mental health. This systematic review of qualitative research provides a source of rich information to inform the provision of services and policies that will address the disparity into mental health statistics for the LGBTQI+ population.

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Development and Mental Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender Youth in Pediatric Practice

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Disparities for LGBTQ and Gender Nonconforming Adolescents

Disparities for LGBTQ and Gender Nonconforming Adolescents

Sexual orientation openness and depression symptoms: A population-based study.

LGBTQI+ Youth and Mental Health: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research

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