Development and optimisation of atom cells for sensitive coupled gas chromatography-flame atomic-absorption spectrometry

Ebdon, Les; Ward, Robert W.; Leathard, D. A.

doi:10.1039/an9820700129

Cited by 40 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…1,9,10 Apparently, the EHQTA cannot be operated at temperatures above 1000-1100 C because of the thermal durability of quartz. Several attempts to test atomizers of volatile species made of other materials such as metallic alloy (Inconel 600) 11,12 or ceramic [13][14][15][16][17] were reported but there was not presented a material which could offer a better alternative to quartz for volatile species atomizers. (It should be highlighted that even a material which does not allow better temperature durability than quartz but which is less susceptible to the gradual deterioration in the course of prolonged generation/atomization would be a better alternative to quartz.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sapphire tube atomizer for on-line atomization and in situ collection of bismuthine for atomic absorption spectrometry

Musil

Dědina

2013

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Sapphire was tested as a new material for volatile species atomizers. Bismuthine was chosen as a convenient model for volatile species. The fundamental approach adopted was to compare the performance of a sapphire-based atomizer with a quartz atomizer in both modes of operation (on-line atomization versus in situ collection) under equal experimental conditions including design and size of both atomizers. Only the temperature range compatible with the quartz atomizers (up to 1000 C) was investigated. The employment of the modular atomizer design made it possible to comply with the principal requirement of the same design and size of both atomizers: both the atomizers differed only in the material of the exchangeable optical tube (a plain tube with a central orifice). No significant difference between quartz and sapphire regarding atomization as well as in situ collection was found and virtually the same analytical characteristics were achieved. Excess of O 2 over H 2 was employed for efficient trapping and efficient and very fast volatilization was achieved by means of auxiliary H 2 . Under optimized conditions the collection efficiencies of 97 AE 3% and 94 AE 4% were achieved for the sapphire and quartz tube, respectively, and the limits of detection of around 30 pg ml À1 were achieved for 1 ml sample volume. The advantages and future prospects of the use of the sapphire tube are highlighted and discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sapphire tube atomizer for on-line atomization and in situ collection of bismuthine for atomic absorption spectrometry

Musil

Dědina

2013

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…In recent years, a lot of studies have been carried out in order to develop appropriate interfaces between chromatographic instruments and flame AAS [28][29][30], hydride generation or cold vapour atomization [31][32][33], electrothermal atomizers [34][35][36] and plasmas [-37-40].…”

Section: General Methodologies Involved In the Speeiation Of Biologicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal speciation in biological fluids — a review

et al. 1996

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Abstract. The literature on the speciation of metal ions in biological fluids is comprehensively reviewed. Critical examination on this subject reveals that major work has been done in blood and urine. Speciation in materials like milk has not yet been widely studied. On the other hand, only few references could be found on sweat, saliva, cell lysate, cerebrospinal, seminal, tear and bronchoalveolar fluids. The topics studied for these fluids were mainly the speciation of arsenic, mercury, aluminium and selenium. Work on the speciation of other elements like zinc, chromium, cadmium, lead, copper, iron etc. have also been carried out in such matrices. The present literature survey includes also a critical comment about the sampling and storage of the fluids, general methodologies and analytical details of the developed methods for studying such metal ion speciation.

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“…Full details of its construction are given elsewhere. 18 The high-performance liquid chromatographic system consisted of a solvent-delivery system (Waters 6000A; Waters Associates, Milford, MA, USA) equipped with a Waters U6K injection valve fitted with a 3000-mm3 sample loop. Separation of the arsenic species was achieved using 40-pm Zipax ion-exchange resin [Dupont (UK), Stevenage, UK] laboratory-packed in a 100 x 5 mm i.d.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Vydac 3021C46 silica-based anion-exchange column (10 pm) gave poor separations when examined with various elution systems, but a resin-based strong anion-exchange (SAX) BAX 10 (5 pm) column with ammonium carbonate (0.1 M) as eluent gave acceptable separations. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The additional use of a precolumn packed with Zipax, a silica-based anion-exchange material (40pm), and a step elution system consisting of sulphuric acid (lO-4%)ammonium carbonate (0.1 M) resulted in a pre-concentration step on the Zipax, which in addition acted as a guard column. A schematic representation of this system is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Cha-as Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled chromatography-atomic spectrometry for arsenic speciation—a comparative study

Ebdon¹,

Hill²,

Walton³

et al. 1988

Analyst

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Several methods for the quantitative determination of different forms of arsenic (Asl", As", monomethyl and dimethyl) in a variety of samples are described and compared. In each instance separation is achieved by chromatographic means, using either gas (GC) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with detection by atomic spectrometry, namely flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), flame atomic fluorescence spectrometry (FAFS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). For the GC separation it is necessary to derivatise the As compounds either as the hydrides or as the methylthioglycolates. As the arsenic hydrides can be pre-concentrated using cryogenic trapping, this yields the lowest detection limits. The As species studied can be separated without derivatisation by HPLC but after HPLC separation hydride generation can be used to increase the sensitivity for FAAS, FAFS and ICP-AES.While each technique is best suited to certain applications, the hydride generation -cryogenic trapping -GC -FAAS system is capable of detection at the sub-p.p.b. level (0.22-0.55 ng absolute for different species) and is preferred for low-level As samples. When levels permit, HPLChydride generation -FAAS is probably the simplest routine method and HPLChydride generation -ICP-AES will probably be preferred for multielement analysis.

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Development and optimisation of atom cells for sensitive coupled gas chromatography-flame atomic-absorption spectrometry

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

A sapphire tube atomizer for on-line atomization and in situ collection of bismuthine for atomic absorption spectrometry

A sapphire tube atomizer for on-line atomization and in situ collection of bismuthine for atomic absorption spectrometry

Metal speciation in biological fluids — a review

Coupled chromatography-atomic spectrometry for arsenic speciation—a comparative study

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