Development and optimization of analytical methods for the detection of 18 taste and odor compounds in drinking water utilities

Abstract

Highlights A SPME and GC-MS/MS based analytical method was developed and optimized for 18 T&O compounds. Effect of different holding times on the stability of T&O compounds was evaluated. Preservation with acid increased the holding times of aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and esters. Eight out of 18 T&O compounds were detected and quantified during the occurrence study with 13 drinking water utilities.

Temporal variation of 2‐MIB and geosmin production by Pseudanabaena galeata and Phormidium ambiguum exposed to high‐intensity light

“…The present study further found that the production of 2‐MIB and GSM in P. galeata was higher than in P. ambiguum . The human sensory levels for 2‐MIB and GSM are 2–15 and 4–10 ng/L, respectively (Pochiraju et al, 2021; Liato & Aïder, 2017). GSM production by both species remained lower than the human sensory level in this study.…”

“…These compounds are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and their presence in trace amounts causes a musty odor in water that humans can easily detect. The human odor threshold values for 2‐MIB and GSM are low as 2–15 and 4–10 ng/L, respectively (Liato & Aïder, 2017; Pochiraju et al, 2021). Therefore, water contamination with 2‐MIB and GSM has become a serious issue in many parts of the world (Jüttner & Watson, 2007; Mustapha et al, 2021).…”

Treatability of 18 taste and odor compounds in drinking water using oxidation

“…T&O samples were analyzed using a previously developed method based on gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) as described by Pochiraju et al (2021). In summary, the T&O analytes were extracted from samples using SPME fibers (divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane) and then injected into an Agilent 7890B GC coupled with Agilent 7000 MS/MS for detection and quantification (Santa Clara, CA, USA) (Pochiraju et al, 2021).…”

“…While 2‐methylisoborneol (2‐MIB) and geosmin are the most studied T&O compounds, there are other algal and non‐algal sources of T&O compounds, which contribute to a wide range of T&O issues (Table 1). Other compounds that contribute to odors include pyrazines, unsaturated aldehydes, dimethyl sulfides, thioesters, and haloanisoles (Pochiraju et al, 2021). Most of these compounds have been rarely studied in terms of how they react with common oxidants used in water utilities (Huang et al, 2019; Zhang, Gao, Deng, et al, 2011).…”

Rapid determination of 14 odorous compounds in drinking water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with headspace solid-phase microextraction pretreatment

“…The majority of existing analytical techniques developed for detecting odorous compounds are gas chromatography (GC) equipped with electron capture (ECD) or mass spectrometry (MS) because of the high volatility of odorants. [8][9][10] Moreover, sample pretreatment is essential due to their trace amounts in water. Various purication and enrichment techniques including dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), 11 solid phase extraction (SPE), 12 solid phase microextraction (SPME), 13 and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) 14,15 were employed for sensitivity elevation.…”