Development and Optimization of the Ford 3.5L V6 EcoBoost Combustion System

Yi, Jianwen; Wooldridge, Steven; Coulson, Gary; Hilditch, Jim; Iyer, Claudia O.; Moilanen, Peter; Papaioannou, George; Reiche, David; Shelby, Michael H.; VanDerWege, Brad; Weaver, Courtney; Xu, Zheng; Davis, George C.; Hinds, Brett; Schamel, Andreas

doi:10.4271/2009-01-1494

Cited by 65 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In this study, the stratified flame ignition (SFI) hybrid combustion was proposed to generate a stable flame kernel and hence control the heat release process of SI-CAI hybrid combustion by dual-injection strategy at stratified charge operations. The stratified flame kernel is formed around the spark plug by fuel stratification in the same way as a stratified charge DI gasoline engine through the appropriate direct injection strategy in combination with a suitable bowl piston [29][30][31][32][33]. The piston shape should be well designed to induce the direct injected fuel to the vicinity of spark plug.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of piston shapes and fuel injection strategies on stoichiometric stratified flame ignition (SFI) hybrid combustion in a PFI/DI gasoline engine by numerical simulations

Wang

Zhao

Xie

2015

Energy Conversion and Management

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a b s t r a c tIn this research, the stratified flame ignition (SFI) hybrid combustion process was proposed to enhance the control of SI-CAI hybrid combustion and moderate the maximum pressure rise rate (PRR max ) by the combination of port fuel injection (PFI) and direct injection (DI). The effect of the stratified flame formed by different piston shapes, start of direct injection (SOI) timings and direct injection ratios (r DI ) on the stoichiometric SFI hybrid combustion and heat release process was studied using the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3-D CFD) simulations. The spark ignited flame propagation near the spark plug and the auto-ignition heat release process of the diluted mixture were modelled in the framework of 3-Zones Extended Coherent Flame Model (ECFM3Z) by the extended coherent flame model and tabulated auto-ignition chemistry of a 4-component gasoline surrogate, respectively. The operating load of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) 3.6 bar was selected to represent a typical part-load operation. The sweep of the spark timing (ST) was performed for different pistons, SOI timings and direct injection ratios. The SFI hybrid combustion process with the same combustion phasing was investigated in details. The optimal stratified mixture pattern, characterized with the central rich mixture around spark plug and stratified lean mixture at the peripheral region, formed by the newly designed Piston A and B effectively lowers the PRR max with a slight deterioration of IMEP. The later SOI timing advances the crank angle of 50% total heat release (CA50) and significantly reduces the PRR max with a little deterioration of IMEP. As the direct injection ratio is increased, both the PRR max and IMEP decrease. During the SFI hybrid heat release process, spark timing is effective to control CA50, IMEP and PRR max regardless the piston shapes, SOI timings and direct injection ratios. However, the sensitivity of SFI hybrid combustion to the stratified mixture varies with the spark timing. The reduction of the PRR max caused by the stratified flame enables the advance of spark timing to achieve maximum IMEP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of piston shapes and fuel injection strategies on stoichiometric stratified flame ignition (SFI) hybrid combustion in a PFI/DI gasoline engine by numerical simulations

Wang

Zhao

Xie

2015

Energy Conversion and Management

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“…The second is the growth of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine technology, aimed to offer fuel economy and CO 2 emissions benefits (Fraser et al 2009;Yi et al 2009). Direct injection of gasoline into the cylinder allows better combustion control, for example, multiple fuel injections and charge-air cooling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Ethanol Fuel Blends on PM Emissions from a Light-Duty GDI Vehicle

Maricq

Szente

Jahr

2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

161

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This study explores the influence of ethanol on particulate matter (PM) emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles, a technology introduced to improve fuel economy and lower CO 2 emissions, but facing challenges to meet next-generation emissions standards. Because PM formation in GDI engines is sensitive to a number of operating parameters, two engine calibrations are examined to gauge the robustness of the results. As the ethanol level in gasoline increases from 0% to 20%, there is possibly a small (<20%) benefit in PM mass and particle number emissions, but this is within test variability. When the ethanol content increases to >30%, there is a statistically significant 30%-45% reduction in PM mass and number emissions observed for both engine calibrations. Particle size is unaffected by ethanol level. PM composition is primarily elemental carbon; the organic fraction increases from ∼5% for E0 to 15% for E45 fuel. Engine-out hydrocarbon and NO x emissions exhibit 10-20% decreases, consistent with oxygenated fuel additives. These results are discussed in the context of the changing commercial fuel and engine technology landscapes.

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“…More details about the engine and combustion system can be found in Ref. [13]. In this GDI engine, the bowl-in-piston design has been developed to facilitate the clean and efficient engine crank and run up cold start operation with a split injection strategy.…”

Section: Temperature [K]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the work from Engine Research Center of University of Wisconsin [11], a multi-hole injector spray injection and atomization model is developed and validated with measurements from both optical bench and optical engine experiments [12]. The importance and efficiency of applying this analytical approach to the engine combustion system design is further demonstrated by the critical role that this analytical design process played in the development and optimization of the Ford 3.5L V6 EcoBoost Engine [13,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of CFD Modeling in GDI Engine Piston Optimization

Curtis

et al. 2009

SAE Int. J. Engines

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This paper describes a CFD modeling based approach to address design challenges in GDI (gasoline direct injection) engine combustion system development. A Ford in-house developed CFD code MESIM (Multidimensional Engine Simulation) was applied to the study. Gasoline fuel is multi-component in nature and behaves very differently from the single component fuel representation under various operating conditions. A multi-component fuel model has been developed and is incorporated in MESIM code. To apply the model in engine simulations, a multi-component fuel recipe that represents the vaporization characteristics of gasoline is also developed using a numerical model that simulates the ASTM D86 fuel distillation experimental procedure. The effect of the multi-component model on the fuel air mixture preparations under different engine conditions is investigated. The modeling approach is applied to guide the GDI engine piston designs. Effects of piston designs on the fuel air mixture preparation are presented. It is found that the multi-component fuel model is critical to the accuracy of the model prediction of the fuel air preparation process, particularly under cold start conditions.

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Development and Optimization of the Ford 3.5L V6 EcoBoost Combustion System

Cited by 65 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of piston shapes and fuel injection strategies on stoichiometric stratified flame ignition (SFI) hybrid combustion in a PFI/DI gasoline engine by numerical simulations

Effect of piston shapes and fuel injection strategies on stoichiometric stratified flame ignition (SFI) hybrid combustion in a PFI/DI gasoline engine by numerical simulations

The Impact of Ethanol Fuel Blends on PM Emissions from a Light-Duty GDI Vehicle

Applications of CFD Modeling in GDI Engine Piston Optimization

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