Development and Persistence of Class-Specific Antibodies in the Serum and Nasopharyngeal Washings of Rubella Vaccinees

O’Shea, Siobhan; Best, Jennifer M.; Banatvala, J. E.; Shepherd, Wilma M.

doi:10.1093/infdis/151.1.89

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The present study suggests, in accord with others (O'Shea et al 1982(O'Shea et al ,1984(O'Shea et al ,1985, that antibody levels in vaccinated individuals are on average lower than those in naturally infected individuals; the mean concentrations in teenage and young adult females are lower than in males of the same age (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The degree of immunity to rubella infection provided by low concentrations of antibody is unclear. In the present study a low threshold (3-3 i.u./ml) was regarded as indicative of immunity since challenge studies have revealed that low levels of naturally acquired antibody confer immunity to reinfection (Mortimer et al 1981;O'Shea et al 1982O'Shea et al , 1983O'Shea et al , 1984O'Shea et al , 1985. However, it must be remembered that RH does not distinguish between antibody produced in response to natural infection and that produced in response to vaccination, and similar challenge studies suggest low levels of vaccine-induced antibody do not correlate well with protection from reinfection (Balfour et al 1981;Harcourt et al 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Rubella epidemiology in South East England

Nokes

Anderson

1986

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYAnalyses of data collected in a large survey (sample size > 3000) of rubella antibody in South East England, finely stratified according to age, reveal age-dependent changes in the pattern of virus transmission. The rate or force of infection changes from low in the young children to high in the 5 -to 15-year-olds and back to low again in the adult age classes (there is a 50 % reduction between the 5-to 15-year-olds and the 20 + -year-olds). Raised levels of immunity are recorded in the teenage and young adult female segments of the population as a consequence of the UK rubella immunization programme. Mean antibody concentrations show a decline with age and are, on average, lower in vaccinated females when compared with unvaccinated males of the same age. The interpretation of horizontal cross-sectional serological data and future research needs are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Rubella epidemiology in South East England

Nokes

Anderson

1986

J. Hyg.

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“…Patients who have been persistently reactive for rubella-specific IgM at reasonable concentrations have been described infrequently [5,6], although persistent low concentrations have been described after immunization [17]. The four cases we describe were all investigated after contact with a case of presumed rubella.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The avidity of specific IgM detected in primary rubella and reinfection

Thomas

Morgan‐Capner

1990

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYAn IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rubella-specific IgM was used to assess the avidity of specific IgM by comparing the results obtained with and without a mild protein denaturant in the washing fluid used after incubation of IgM with rubella haemagglutinating antigen. An avidity index (Al) was calculated with AIs < 50% considered to indicate low avidity. Sera from recent primary rubella, rubella reinfection and from patients persistently reactive for specific IgM were tested. Urea and diethylamine (DEA) were compared as the protein denaturants. Twenty-six of 28 sera from cases of primary rubella gave an Al < 50% with DEA, compared with 25 of 28 with urea. Seventeen of 20 sera from cases of reinfection gave an Al > 50 % with DEA whereas only 14 of 20 had a similarly high avidity with urua. Eight of 10 sera from 4 cases of persistent specific IgM reactivity gave AIs > 50 % with DEA, although this was reduced to 5 when urea was used. Thus a difference has been demonstrated between the avidity of specific IgM in primary infection from that demonstrated after a secondary antigenic challenge (reinfection). This may help in serologically distinguishing primary infection from reinfection.

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“…3. Typically, for the individual, high-level specific JgG from a recent viral infection (or vaccination) rapidly decays over a period of a few months (often at different rates for each individual) to a level which is maintained for many years [18][19][20][21]. The profile illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Serological Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological study of the epidemiology of mumps virus infection in north-west England

et al. 1990

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SUMMARYSerum samples from individuals of a wide age range, collected in northwest England in 1984 and 1986, provide the basis for an analysis of the epidemiology of mumps virus infection. A radial haemolysis test yielding quantitative antibody measurements was used to screen samples for mumps-specific IgG. Analyses of resultant age-seroprevalence profiles, using statistical models, revealed an agerelated pattern in the rate of infection per susceptible similar to that observed for other childhood infections. This rate, or force of infection, was low in young children, high in older children, and low in adults. In addition, the serological surveys provide evidence for time-dependent changes (both epidemic and longerterm) in the rate of mumps virus transmission. The longer-term changes, reflected in the pattern of the age-acquisition of specific antibodies, are supported by evidence from case notification data. The implications of temporal changes in incidence to the interpretation and design of serological surveys are considered. TNTRODUJCTIONChanging circumstances surrounding mumps infection in this country provide good reason for further investigations aimed at improving our understanding of the epidemiology of this infection. The recent introduction of a triple measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine for the immunization of young children [1] has created an urgent need to assess the existing pattern of herd immunity (prior to

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Development and Persistence of Class-Specific Antibodies in the Serum and Nasopharyngeal Washings of Rubella Vaccinees

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Rubella epidemiology in South East England

Rubella epidemiology in South East England

The avidity of specific IgM detected in primary rubella and reinfection

Serological study of the epidemiology of mumps virus infection in north-west England

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