“…However, there is a growing body of literature, much of which would be characterised as occurring at level two by Ward & Hudson (1998a), regarding factors which differentiate men with intellectual disabilities who are and are not sex offenders. For example, there is some evidence that sexual offenders with an intellectual disability, as compared to non-offenders with an intellectual disability may have lower levels of impulsiveness (Parry & Lindsay, 2003), higher levels of sexual knowledge (Michie et al, In Press;, and more distorted cognitions (Broxholme & Lindsay, 2003. Other Sexual Offending Pathways 9 factors have been noted to be associated with recidivism amongst this population, such as antisocial attitudes, poor family relationships, denial of offending, low self-esteem, lack of assertiveness, and poor treatment response (Lindsay, Elliot & Astell, 2004).…”