In the 21st century, climate change and global warming
are considered
to be one of the world’s most severe and biggest environmental
threats to humans. Consequently, the CO2 capture and storage
technique has been a concern as a superior technique by both industrial
and academic research communities, which prohibits the mixing of CO2 from point sources, such as cement plants and fossil fuel
power plants, into the atmosphere. Particularly, after the United
Nations Climate Change Conference in 2015, which was held in Paris,
France, researchers have been vigorously focusing on the reduction
of greenhouse gases. Presently, liquid amine scrubbing has been used
for CO2 capture technology, while solid sorbents are used
for CO2 capture technology to overcome the drawbacks associated
with amine scrubbing technology. In this review, different carbon
nanomaterials, such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide,
biochar, and activated carbon, and their derivatives for CO2 capture applications are summarized. In addition, the review covers
the fundamental requirements of solid sorbents, advantages and disadvantages
of other solid sorbents, and policies proposed for reducing greenhouse
gas emissions by developing and developed countries, which will be
highly beneficial for making future policies and fabricating low-cost
CO2 sorbents. Finally, the current technical challenges
and opportunities for the development of efficient and practically
possible carbon-based CO2 sorbents were discussed. Furthermore,
future perspectives were proposed for the development of carbonaceous
porous materials in place of existing liquid amine scrubbing technology
in the future.