Development and psychometric properties of maternal health literacy inventory in pregnancy

Taheri, Safoura; Tavousi, Mahmoud; Momenimovahed, Zohre; Direkvand-Moghadam, Ashraf; Tiznobaik, Azita; Suhrabi, Zainab; Taghizadeh, Ziba

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234305

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Low-level health literacy is associated with limited ability to evaluate information using online search techniques [ 21 , 22 ]. Evidence suggests that in the field of prenatal care, the majority of pregnant mothers do not have the ability to assess the credibility of information obtained from various websites [ 6 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the concept of maternal health information verification and assessment during pregnancy: a qualitative study

Taheri

Tavousi

Momenimovahed

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background Pregnant women use information sources for their own health and health of their children. However, despite the importance of trusting the information sources, pregnant women may not have the ability to verify the maternal health information, which could have negative consequences for their health. The purpose of this study was to explain the concept of maternal health information verification and assessment in pregnant women according to their experiences and perception. Methods This is a qualitative study that was conducted in 2017 in Tehran, Iran. The participants in this study consisted of 19 pregnant women who were selected by purposeful sampling. To collect data, semi-structured, in-depth and face to face interviews were conducted with participants and continued until saturation of data. Conventional content analysis method was used to analyze the data and to identify concepts and synthesize them into general classes. MAXQDA software version 10 was used to manage the data. Results In the process of data analysis, the concept of verification and assessment of maternal health information in pregnancy was explained in two main categories, including “Validity of information resources” and “Reliance on information resources.” The category of Validity of information resources had two subcategories of valid and invalid sources, and the main category of Reliance on information resources had two subcategories of indicators of assurance, and confusion and trying to obtain assurance. Conclusion The results indicated that pregnant women used various sources and indicators, as well as different evaluation methods to obtain information and verify it, especially when they are confused. Thus, health authorities and healthcare professionals should provide appropriate programs to familiarize mothers with credible sources, train pregnant women on standards and practices for judging the accuracy of information, and create a safe margin of information.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the concept of maternal health information verification and assessment during pregnancy: a qualitative study

Taheri

Tavousi

Momenimovahed

et al. 2021

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…Finally, women were randomly selected and interviewed in a private place until the maximum sample size for each health facility was attained(S1Fig). S1Fig: sampling procedure to access study participants in public health facilities of Guraghe zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2021 Data collection tools, methods, and personnel After a thorough review of the literature in the area of interest, interviewer-administered structured questionnaires were developed [7,9,10,15,32]. The tool used to assess maternal health literacy consists of 44 items organized into four categories: maternal health knowledge (19 items), maternal health information search (access) (6 items), maternal health information assessment (6 items), and maternal health decision-making power (13 items) [9].…”

Section: Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of Maternal Health Literacy (MHL) and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinics of Public Health Facilities in Southern Ethiopia, 2021: A Facility Based Crossectional Study with Linear Models

Habte

Dessu

Endale

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Maternal Health Literacy (MHL) is defined as a woman's cognitive and social abilities and motivation to access, assess, understand and use basic health information and services to make informed decisions that protect and promote their own and their children's health. Pregnant women's HL will enhance the effectiveness and long-term viability of those services by allowing them to get health-related knowledge and behaviours during this critical period. As a result, this study aimed at assessing the level of health literacy and associated factors among pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia, 2021.Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 635 pregnant women attending ANC units of selected health facilities from January 1 to February 30, 2021, by using pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaires. A multistage sampling technique was employed and study participants were selected by using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were entered into EpiData3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. A bivariable statistical analysis was performed through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-tests and variables with a p-value of < 0.05 were eligible for the multiple linear regression model. To see the weight of each explanatory variable on MHL, multiple linear regression was employed, and the strength and direction of the association were reported by using a regression coefficient (β) with the respected 95% confidence interval.Results: The mean health literacy score of study participants was 23.85±2.87 in which, more than half, 336 (53.5%)( 95%CI: 49.1, 58.1) of the study participants had a good MHL level or above the mean score. The multiple linear regression analysis results revealed a significant relationship between MHL and educational level (β: 1.358; p<0.001), gravidity(β: 1.439; p<0.001), ANC visits (β: 1.418; p <0.001), enrolment in CBHI scheme (β: 2.282; p<0.001) and being a model household(MMH) (β: 1.681; p<0.001).Conclusion and recommendation: The pregnant women in the current study area had a low level of maternal health literacy. Local governments should focus their efforts on establishing adult literacy centers in their respective locations. Pregnant women should be encouraged to attend adequate ANC visits, as per health care providers. Finally, at the community level, administrative bodies and health professionals should work on developing a model household and enrolling unenrolled households in the CBHI scheme.

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“…Demographic characteristics included age, education, income, employment status, parity, gestational age, spouse's education, participation in pregnancy classes, and access to the Internet. The maternal health literacy in pregnancy questionnaire was designed and validated by Taheri et al (2018) in a sequential, exploratory, and mixed-method study) (19). For qualitative content validity assessment, the questionnaire's items were reviewed by 10 experts, and necessary modifications were made to them.…”

Section: Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The functional health literacy domain included the subdomains of maternal health information search (questions 22 to 27), maternal health information assessment (questions 28 to 33), and maternal health decision-making and behavior (questions 34 to 48). The Likert scale ranged from never to always (always= score 1, rarely= score 2, sometimes= score 3, often= score 4, and always= score 5) (19). Based on the cut-off points of 50, 66, and 84, health literacy scores were categorized into four levels of inadequate (zero to 50), insufficient (50.1 to 66), desirable (66.1 to 84), and excellent (84.1 to 100).…”

Section: Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Health Literacy Level and Its Related Factors Among Pregnant Women Referred to Medical and Health Centers of Tehran in 2019: A Cross-sectional Study

et al. 2021

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Background: The ability to acquire, process, and understand health information to make informed decisions about health is defined as health literacy. A low level of health literacy disrupts women’s ability to understand and use health information in order to take appropriate and timely measures during pregnancy. Objectives: Due to the importance of health literacy during pregnancy and its direct impact on fetal health, this study was conducted to determine the level of health literacy and its related items among the pregnant women referred to medical and health centers in Tehran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 270 pregnant women referred to the medical and health centers of Tehran in 2019. The participants in this study were selected by the mixed sampling method (cluster and random methods to select health centers and the convenience method to select participants). Data collection tools included a questionnaire for demographic and midwifery characteristics and a specialized questionnaire for maternal health literacy in pregnancy (MHELIP). Data analysis was performed by SPSS-19 software. Results: The mean age of the participants was 28.16 ± 5.70 years, and the mean gestational age was 24.50 ± 9.25 weeks. The mean score of health literacy among pregnant women was 63.14 ± 9.63, and 48.9% of them had limited (inadequate and insufficient) health literacy. The results showed positive correlations between the total score of health literacy and the demographic variables of age (P = 0.025), education (P = 0.003), and income (0.008), but no significant relationship was found between the mean total score of health literacy and employment status (P = 0.614) or parity (P = 0.614). Conclusions: It was found that limited health literacy had a high prevalence among pregnant women. Given the importance of pregnancy, it seems necessary for healthcare policymakers to design programs to promote women’s health literacy during pregnancy.

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Development and psychometric properties of maternal health literacy inventory in pregnancy

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Explaining the concept of maternal health information verification and assessment during pregnancy: a qualitative study

Explaining the concept of maternal health information verification and assessment during pregnancy: a qualitative study

Level of Maternal Health Literacy (MHL) and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinics of Public Health Facilities in Southern Ethiopia, 2021: A Facility Based Crossectional Study with Linear Models

Determining Health Literacy Level and Its Related Factors Among Pregnant Women Referred to Medical and Health Centers of Tehran in 2019: A Cross-sectional Study

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