Integration of Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacovigilance in the curricula of future healthcare professionals is essential towards individualized medicine and drug safety. Researchers are lacking in Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding pharmacogenovigilance in drug safety among Malaysian future health professionals. This study is to develop and validate a reliable questionnaire for evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice o f future Doctors and Pharmacists concerning Pharmacogenovigilance in drug safety. A 49-item self-administered questionnaire was developed from the literature. The content was validated by a panel of relevant experts followed by face validity. A pilot study on 100 respondents was conducted for reliability, followed by a crosssectional study involving 247 participants in factor analysis. The content validity index of the whole questionnaire was 0.8%. The overall Cronbach"s Alpha was 0.8, with P<0.001. 67.4% of the total variance was explained by 13 factors, and we can conclude that the questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument.
Key words:Pharmacogenovigilance, Questionnaire, Factor analysis, KAP.
INTRODUCTIONPharmacogenomics is the study of variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in relation to genetic variations. If genetic factors are taken into account appropriately prior to drug treatment, the regimen can be personalized to the individual patient need, hence promote drug safety. Clinicians are increasingly anticipated to incorporate pharmacogenomics into practices, but this expectation has been below projected. Therefore, it is important that future physicians and pharmacists are exposed to these important areas. A measuring tool like questionnaire could assist medical educators and health care providers in evaluating the teaching programs for future Doctors and Pharmacists and necessity of retraining. Previous studies revealed an urgent requirement for greater emphasis on practice * Corresponding Author Prof (Dr.) Mainul Haque, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Kota, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Email: runurono@gmail.com and knowledge of pharmacogenomics and pharmacovigilance among healthcare professionals (Adamu et al., 2015a;Adamu et al., 2015b). Presently, a standardized questionnaire of knowledge, attitude, and practice of Medicine and Pharmacy students concerning pharmacogenovigilance for drug safety is unavailable. Questionnaires that reported either pharmacovigilance or pharmacogenomics of Medicine and Pharmacy students are also infrequently seen and used on students (Elkalmi et al., 2011; Filiptsova et al., 2014). This research would focus on medicine and pharmacy students to identify their strength and weaknesses for the possibility of providing educational and concrete recommendations. This aimed at developing and reporting the psychometric properties of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on Pharmacogenovigilance in Drug Safety Questionnaire in final-year Medicine and Pharmacy Students: ba...