This work explores the interface
between 3D-printing, material
sciences, and microfluidics with electrochemical detection in an undergraduate
laboratory. This work includes a module for the characterization and
electrochemical analysis of microelectrodes that spans 4 weeks (3
h per week). Laboratory exercises include the fabrication of a 3D-printed
device, examination of 3D-printing techniques, scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), and electrochemistry. This interdisciplinary curricula exposed
students to the process of designing a functioning microfluidic device.
Students began by designing the microfluidic chip with AutoDesk Inventor.
To gain a better understanding of the microelectrodes utilized in
a microfluidic system, students explored the surfaces of various microelectrodes
with SEM. On the basis of the visualization of the microelectrodes
with SEM, students formed a hypothesis on the impact of electrode
surface area on the sensitivity and limit of detection. Cyclic voltammetry
in a classical three-electrode system was used to experimentally examine
the relationship between electrode surface area and sensitivity. The
module concluded with the use of the fabricated 3D-printed chip and
amperometry to develop a calibration curve and determination of an
unknown concentration of analyte. This work highlights the integration
of 3D-printing, SEM, microfluidics, and electrochemistry into the
upper-level undergraduate curriculum.