Development and validation of a self-management scale of type 1 diabetes for Chinese adults

Zhu, Song; Liu, Fang; Li, Jina; Guan, Yuzhu; Meng, Meng; Li, Xia; Zhou, Zhiguang; Xu, Rong; Li, Lezhi

doi:10.1177/0300060520947588

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Whether HbA1c improved or was maintained below the age target (HbA1c <7.0% for adults, HbA1c <7.5% for patients younger than 18 years) was also accessed as a secondary outcome. Behavioural changes were measured using the self-management scale for T1DM for Chinese adults (SMOD-CA) 20 and the Chinese version of the diabetic behaviour rating scale in adolescents with T1DM (DBRS). 21 The 12-item version of the Barrett–Lennard Relationship Inventory (B-L RI:mini) was used to specifically evaluate the extent to which people experienced the facilitative conditions of congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Online Structured Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Programme Improves Glycaemic Control in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

An,

Yeh,

Liu

et al. 2023

JMDH

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Objective We explore the effect of a structured online DSMES program on glycaemic control and the self-management behaviour of adolescents and young adults with T1DM. Methods We used a pre–post uncontrolled intervention design over a period of 6 months. A total of 37 youths with T1DM aged 10–45 years were enrolled. The intervention comprised 11 structured online DSMES course sessions; these were video-based and delivered by a diabetes specialist, nurses and a dietitian. The primary outcome was a change in (glycated hemoglobin) HbA1c. The secondary outcomes were changes in hypoglycaemia frequency, time in target range (TIR) among patients using a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system and self-management behaviour; the latter was measured using a T1DM self-management scale for Chinese adults (SMOD-CA) and the Chinese version of the diabetic behaviour rating scale in adolescents with T1DM (DBRS). Results Twenty-three (85.2%) participants attended ≥8 of the online sessions. There was a significant reduction in HbA1c (from 6.92% to 6.47%, P = 0.002), hypoglycaemic episodes (from 6.0 to 4.0 during the preceding month, P = 0.026) and a significant increase in TIR (from 74.0% to 80.5%, P = 0.027) and an increase in the SMOD-CA score (from 79.6 to 84.6, P = 0.026) in young adults. No significant change in glucose control, hypoglycaemic events or DBRS score were found among children and adolescents. The score of the 12-item version of the Barrett–Lennard Relationship Inventory (B-L RI:mini) indicated that more than half of the participants experienced congruence, positive regard, and an empathic understanding in this programme. Conclusion The online structured DSMES programme was effective in improving the glycaemic control and self-management behaviour of young adults with T1DM; however, integrating offline visits or appointments with online consultations may be necessary for youth patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants’ responses to the items of the SMOD-CA were in a five-point scale range, and the total score was obtained by adding together the scores of all items. 20 The higher the SMOD-CA score (range, 0–120), the better the self-management ability. The DBRS and B-L RI:mini scores were calculated according to the corresponding method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%