A method for the simultaneous determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 [25(OH)D 3 ] and its 3-sulfate [25(OH)D 3 S] in newborn plasma, which is expected to be helpful in the assessment of the vitamin D status, using stable isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) has been developed and validated. e plasma was pretreated based on the deproteinization and solid-phase extraction, then subjected to derivatization with 4-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (DAPTAD). e derivatization enabled the accurate quanti cation of 25(OH)D 3 without interference from 3-epi-25(OH)D 3 and also facilitated the simultaneous determination of the two metabolites by LC/positive ESI-MS/MS. Quanti cation was based on the selected reaction monitoring with the characteristic fragmentation of the DAPTAD-derivatives during MS/MS. is method was reproducible (intra-and inter-assay relative standard deviations of 7.8% or lower for both metabolites) and accurate (analytical recovery, 95.4-105.6%). e limits of quanti cation were 1.0 ng/mL and 2.5 ng/mL for 25(OH)D 3 and 25(OH)D 3 S, respectively, when using a 20-µL sample. e developed method was applied to the simultaneous determination of plasma 25(OH)D 3 and 25(OH)D 3 S in newborns; it was recognized that the plasma concentration of 25(OH)D 3 S is signi cantly higher than that of 25(OH)D 3 , and preterm newborns have lower plasma 25(OH)D 3 S concentrations than full-term newborns.