Development and validation of a Haitian Creole screening instrument for depression

Rasmussen, Andrew; Eustache, Eddy; Raviola, Giuseppe; Kaiser, Bonnie N.; Grelotti, David J.; Belkin, Gary S.

doi:10.1177/1363461514543546

Cited by 58 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In the few studies involving participants clinically diagnosed with depression, “thinking too much” was frequently used to describe their illness (Abdul Kadir & Bifulco, 2010; Okello et al, 2012; Parker et al, 2001; Patel & Mann, 1997), was named as a primary cause (Ilechukwu, 1988), or was endorsed significantly more by depressed than non-depressed individuals (Rasmussen et al, 2015). Of the studies that named one or more comparative psychiatric diagnoses, approximately one-fifth provided no further explanation or justification for the comparison.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Thinking too much”: A systematic review of a common idiom of distress

Kaiser¹,

Haroz²,

Kohrt³

et al. 2015

Social Science & Medicine

227

175

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Idioms of distress communicate suffering via reference to shared ethnopsychologies, and better understanding of idioms of distress can contribute to effective clinical and public health communication. This systematic review is a qualitative synthesis of “thinking too much” idioms globally, to determine their applicability and variability across cultures. We searched eight databases and retained publications if they included empirical quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods research regarding a “thinking too much” idiom and were in English. In total, 138 publications from 1979–2014 met inclusion criteria. We examined the descriptive epidemiology, phenomenology, etiology, and course of “thinking too much” idioms and compared them to psychiatric constructs. “Thinking too much” idioms typically reference ruminative, intrusive, and anxious thoughts and result in a range of perceived complications, physical and mental illnesses, or even death. These idioms appear to have variable overlap with common psychiatric constructs, including depression, anxiety, and PTSD. However, “thinking too much” idioms reflect aspects of experience, distress, and social positioning not captured by psychiatric diagnoses and often show wide within-cultural variation, in addition to between-cultural differences. Taken together, these findings suggest that “thinking too much” should not be interpreted as a gloss for psychiatric disorder nor assumed to be a unitary symptom or syndrome within a culture. We suggest five key ways in which engagement with “thinking too much” idioms can improve global mental health research and interventions: it (1) incorporates a key idiom of distress into measurement and screening to improve validity of efforts at identifying those in need of services and tracking treatment outcomes; (2) facilitates exploration of ethnopsychology in order to bolster cultural appropriateness of interventions; (3) strengthens public health communication to encourage engagement in treatment; (4) reduces stigma by enhancing understanding, promoting treatment-seeking, and avoiding unintentionally contributing to stigmatization; and (5) identifies a key locally salient treatment target.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Thinking too much”: A systematic review of a common idiom of distress

Kaiser¹,

Haroz²,

Kohrt³

et al. 2015

Social Science & Medicine

227

175

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“…Some researchers have combined etic and emic approaches in their study of depression, for example to inform existing (i.e. Western) scale adaptation (e.g., Applied Mental Health Research Group (AMHR), 2013; Haroz et al, 2014; Rasmussen et al, 2014a; Rasmussen et al, 2014b). These studies began with Western-developed instruments considered to have the best face validity based on local qualitative data, then augmented with context specific symptoms using the same qualitative data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How is depression experienced around the world? A systematic review of qualitative literature

Haroz

Ritchey²,

Bass

et al. 2017

Social Science & Medicine

218

152

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To date global research on depression has used assessment tools based on research and clinical experience drawn from Western populations (i.e., in North American, European and Australian). There may be features of depression in non-Western populations which are not captured in current diagnostic criteria or measurement tools, as well as criteria for depression that are not relevant in other regions. We investigated this possibility through a systematic review of qualitative studies of depression worldwide. Nine online databases were searched for records that used qualitative methods to study depression. Initial searches were conducted between August 2012 and December 2012; an updated search was repeated in June of 2015 to include relevant literature published between December 30, 2012 and May 30, 2015. No date limits were set for inclusion of articles. A total of 16,130 records were identified and 138 met full inclusion criteria. Included studies were published between 1976 and 2015. These 138 studies represented data on 170 different study populations (some reported on multiple samples) and 77 different nationalities/ethnicities. Variation in results by geographical region, gender, and study context were examined to determine the consistency of descriptions across populations. Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare frequencies of features across region, gender and context. Seven of the 15 features with the highest relative frequency form part of the DSM-5 diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, many of the other features with relatively high frequencies across the studies are associated features in the DSM, but are not prioritized as diagnostic criteria and therefore not included in standard instruments. The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria of problems with concentration and psychomotor agitation or slowing were infrequently mentioned. This research suggests that the DSM model and standard instruments currently based on the DSM may not adequately reflect the experience of depression at the worldwide or regional levels.

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“…Second, symptoms of mental disorders may vary according to the setting, and evaluation tools are ideally specific to the context and sensitive to local notions of mental illness. 4,15 However, there is converging evidence that symptoms of depression and reactions to traumatic stress show great concordance to widely used diagnostic criteria for depression and PTSD in community-based samples of Haitians. 14,22 Third, this clinic-based sample is not a representative sample of patients in the community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,10 Ethnographic research was mobilized to gain an understanding of local notions of mental illness using a systematic approach that could also inform the development of tools to support care delivery. 4,10,15 A range of options were created for managing acute distress and chronic mental illness. 10 As described herein, a visiting psychiatrist traveled to Haiti to accompany local Zanmi Lasante clinicians in providing psychiatric services at five Zanmi Lasante-supported, rural, public, Ministry of Health clinics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Initiative to Deliver Community-based Psychiatric Services in Rural Haiti After the 2010 Earthquake

Grelotti¹,

Lee²,

Fils-Aimé³

et al. 2016

Annals of Global Health

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BACKGROUND There is a great gap in countries around the world between the burden of mental distress and disorder and access to mental health care. This gap is particularly wide in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Following the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, the international healthcare organizations Partners in Health and Zanmi Lasante worked to expand local mental health services in rural Haiti. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study are to describe clinical characteristics of the patients served during the pilot project in Haiti and to show how our experience complements the Mental Health Gap Action Programme (“mhGAP”), a tool developed by the World Health Organization to support mental health care delivery by non-specialists in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. METHODS The pilot was conducted in March 2011. A visiting psychiatrist traveled to rural Haiti and paired with local clinicians to evaluate patients and to support quality improvement practices in psychiatric care. Patients received a standard neuropsychiatric evaluation. mhGAP was an important clinical reference. To assess the experience, we conducted a retrospective chart review of outpatient encounters. FINDINGS Sixty-five patients presented with a wide range of common psychiatric, neurologic, and general medical conditions. Forty-nine of these patients (75%) reported primary problems subsumed by an mhGAP module. Fifteen patients (23%) reported headache as their chief complain, a condition that is not currently covered by mhGAP. Surprisingly, only three patients (5%), reported earthquake-related distress. CONCLUSIONS Our clinical data reinforce the need for provision of standard psychiatric and neurologic services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Such services are more important and useful than therapies targeted specifically at disaster-related problems. Clinical situations falling outside existing mhGAP modules inspired the development of supplemental treatment protocols. These observations informed coordinated efforts at Zanmi Lasante to build a sustainable, integrated mental health system in Haiti that may be relevant to other resource-limited settings.

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Development and validation of a Haitian Creole screening instrument for depression

Cited by 58 publications

References 53 publications

“Thinking too much”: A systematic review of a common idiom of distress

“Thinking too much”: A systematic review of a common idiom of distress

How is depression experienced around the world? A systematic review of qualitative literature

A Pilot Initiative to Deliver Community-based Psychiatric Services in Rural Haiti After the 2010 Earthquake

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