Development and validation of a multidimensional scale measuring free time boredom

How Do Playful People Play? Gendered and Racial Leisure Perspectives, Motives, and Preferences of College Students

“…This aspect of playfulness has been observed by other authors in specific locations, such as the workplace (Maxwell, Reed, Saker, & Story, 2005) and computer laboratory (Webster & Martocchio, 1992;Woszczynski, Roth, & Segars, 2002). The literature is replete with empirical studies relating boredom to leisure (e.g., Iso-Ahola & Weissinger, 1990;Shaw, Caldwell, & Kleiber, 1996), specifically to activity participation (Ragheb, 1990;Ragheb & Merydith, 2001), leisure attitudes , and satisfaction Ragheb, 1990), and it may be that these relationships can be explained by a more consistent internal predisposition to approach one's environment in a playful way (see also Csikszentmihalyi, 1975;Deci & Ryan, 1985;Mannell, 1984Mannell, , 1985Ryan & Deci, 2000;Weissinger & Bandalos, 1995;Weissinger & Iso-Ahola, 1984;Weissinger, Caldwell, & Bandalos, 1992). Further research will need to be conducted to more conclusively support this speculation, yet the suggestion that outcomes and external behaviors may be a function of one's cognitive and affective approach and appraisal is not at all new to psychological approaches to human behavior.…”

Boredom in Free Time: Relationships with Personality, Affect, and Motivation for Different Gender, Racial and Ethnic Student Groups

“…In addition, previous investigations have found both similarities and differences between the gender and racial and ethnic groups under study in a number of free time-related constructs such as leisure preferences and participation patterns (e.g., Gramann & Allison, 1999;Shinew et al, 1995). However, more directly relevant research examining boredom in free time Iso-Ahola & Weissinger, 1987Ragheb & Merydith, 2001) and intrinsic leisure motivation (Weissinger & Bandalos, 1995;Weissinger et al, 1992) has either failed to investigate or not found any gender or race or ethnic differences. The findings in this study illustrated that such similarities and differences can be reliably observed in characterizing free time boredom as an internal predisposition, and in more intensively examining its relationship with other individual characteristics.…”

“…Leisure researchers have investigated boredom as a particularly relevant topic (e.g., Caldwell, Darling, Payne, & Dowdy, 1999;Iso-Ahola & Crowley, 1991;Ragheb & Merydith, 2001;Shaw, Caldwell, & Kleiber, 1996). Authors have suggested that boredom in one's free time may be a motivating force behind some significant social problems, including delinquency and vandalism (Newberry & Duncan, 2001), substance abuse (Iso-Ahola & Crowley, 1991), drunk driving (Arnett, 1990), pathological gambling (Blaszczynski, McConaghy, & Frankova, 1990), and obesity and eating disorders (Ganley, 1989).…”

The Moral Dimensions of Boredom: A Call for Research

“…Trait boredom is a tendency or propensity to experience boredom in a wide range of situations and is typically assessed by multi-item, self-report scales. Although several measures of trait boredom exist in the literature (Acee et al, 2010;Farmer & Sundberg, 1986;Grubb, 1975;Hamilton et al, 1984;Iso-Ahola & Weissinger, 1990;Lee, 1986;Passik et al, 2003;Ragheb & Merydith, 2001;Watt & Ewing, 1996;Zuckerman, 1979) most of them are restricted in scope insofar as they measure boredom only in specific and circumscribed contexts (Vodanovich, 2003). The only two existing measures that do not suffer from such a shortcoming are the Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS) (Farmer & Sundberg, 1986) and the Boredom Susceptibility Scale (ZBS) (Zuckerman, 1979).…”