Development and validation of a knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire of personal use of tranquilizers

Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Approaches in Studies on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Non-Medical Tranquilizer Use

“…Each participant was asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire about knowledge, attitude, and practices of tranquilizer use. The questionnaire was previously validated in the same population (i.e., Galician/Spanish adult population [ 30 ]). The baseline questionnaire consisted of 35 questions: items 1 to 16 inquired about knowledge and attitudes regarding tranquilizers.…”

“…Questions 5 to 8 and 10 determined participants’ knowledge about tranquilizers. Questions 9 and 12 to 16 investigated patients’ attitudes towards healthcare provider [ 30 ]. The item Q13 shares content with the two attitude factors (attitude toward tranquilizers and attitude toward healthcare providers) [ 30 ].…”

“…Questions 9 and 12 to 16 investigated patients’ attitudes towards healthcare provider [ 30 ]. The item Q13 shares content with the two attitude factors (attitude toward tranquilizers and attitude toward healthcare providers) [ 30 ]. Questions 17 to 25 established whether the participants had taken tranquilizers in the past two months and if non-medical use had occurred.…”

“…Likewise, for KAP studies about non-medical tranquilizer use, it is predicted that in many settings, cross-sectional designs will be preferred over longitudinal ones due to their simplicity, feasibility, rapidity, and cost efficiency. Knowing that cross-sectional designs are less adapted to infer causal relationships [ 29 ], we aimed in this study to compare the findings of cross-sectional data collected from the same individuals at baseline in a longitudinal study using a validated KAP questionnaire about tranquilizer use [ 30 ]. Our objective is to verify to which extent cross-sectional analyses on KAP of non-medical tranquilizer use yield valid results, similar to those of follow-up data, at a lower cost.…”

Validation of the Arabic and French Versions of a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Questionnaire on Tranquilizer Misuse

“…So far, only two recent studies, one in a developing country and another in a developed country, have investigated the association between Knowledge and Attitudes with tranquilizer misuse Practices [ 36 , 37 ]. We recently developed and validated the first KAP instrument on tranquilizer use in Spanish language [ 38 ]. To maximize the usefulness of that tool across cultures and increase its applicability to non-Spanish speaking populations, and to stimulate the initiation of research on determinants of tranquilizer misuse worldwide, we aimed in the present study to adapt the questionnaire previously validated in Spanish and to validate it in a developing country, Lebanon, in French and Arabic, two official or co-official languages in more than 80 countries [ 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”