Development and validation of a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for the determination of phthalate esters in perfumes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Abstract

A simple, rapid, sensitive and eco-friendly method has been developed for the simultaneous determination, preconcentration and extraction of phthalate esters (dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) in perfumes using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Various factors affecting the DLLME efficiency, including the type and volume of the extracting and dispersing solvents, salt addition and vortex extraction time were optimized. Under optimum conditions, the proposed method provided low detection limits (0.003-0.070 ng mL À1 ), high extraction recovery (85.6-95.8%), wide linearity range (1.0-1000 ng mL À1) with good regression coefficients (>0.9984) and good precision (RSD% < 4.2%). The optimized method was successfully utilized for the analysis of different branded perfume samples and satisfactory results were obtained.

Sustainable dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method utilizing a natural deep eutectic solvent for determination of chloramphenicol in honey: assessment of the environmental impact of the developed method

“…Collection (1) Offline (red) Preservation (2) None (green) Transport (3) Required (yellow) Storage ( 4) None (green) Type of method Direct or indirect (5) Extraction required (red) Scale of extraction (6) Micro-extraction (yellow) Solvents/reagents used (7) Green solvents for extraction (yellow) Additional treatments (8) No additional treatment (green) Reagent and solvents Amount (9) <10 mL (green) Health hazard (10) NFPA = 3, moderate toxicity (yellow) Safety hazard (11) NFPA = 2; high ammability (yellow) Instrumentation Energy (12) #1.5 kw h per sample (green) Occupational hazard (13) Hermetic sealing of analytical procedure (green) Waste (14) 1-10 mL (yellow) Waste treatment (15) No treatment (red)…”

“… 10 Classical DLLME methods utilize toxic halogenated organic solvents such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorobenzene that may have adverse effects on human health and the environment. 9 Replacing toxic solvents with more benign alternatives is one of the GAC principles that should be implemented in the method development. Therefore, more eco-friendly natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have been recently introduced as a sustainable alternative in DLLME.…”

“…8 Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a miniaturized sample preparation technique that has been employed in a wide range of analytical chemistry applications. 9,10 It provides various advantages over other sample preparation techniques in terms of simplicity, cost, ease of operation, and rapidity. However, the proper selection of dispersing solvents and extracting solvents (mL scale) is highly challenging.…”

An Assessmentof Phthalates in Cosmetic Products by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Extraction Method Using Hplcand Lc-MS/MS

“…Phthalates were extracted by a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method [20,21] 1 ml of a sample of aftershave lotion, deodorant, perfume, and liquid body lotion sepretly inject in 5 ml of dispersive media double distilled water (acidified with 0.2 ml of 0.1% Formic Acid) in 15 ml conical bottom centrifuge tube (Phthalates free). A mixture of sample and dispersive media was a vortex for 2 min.…”

Usage Patterns of Cosmetic and Personal Care Products among Female Population in Saudi Arabia: Important Factors for Exposure and Risk Assessment

“…e progress in the cosmetic industry and the emergence of a large number of manufactured products in the last century has resulted in an increase of PCP consumption, leading to excessive exposure of the general population to a wide variety of chemicals that may pose adverse health effects [8,9]. Because parabens and phthalates are the most concerned harmful chemicals found in PCPs, various analytical methods have been developed to evaluate the content of these chemicals in different samples [10][11][12][13][14].…”