Development and Validation of a Numerical Model for the Mechanical Behavior of Knee Prosthesis Analyzed by the Finite Elements Method

Abstract

The human knee is a complex joint (the largest joint of the human body). During the different daily activities, this joint is exposed to significant loads and movements, may in some cases exceed the limit of the mechanical capacities of its components, which shows that the pathologies are quite numerous at the level of the human knee and the treatment sometimes requires surgery to either repair or implant (implant total knee prosthesis). As we know very well, the success of a total knee implant is highly dependent on the initial stability of the femoral or tibial implant and the integration of femur and tibia bone tissue with these implants in the long term. Due to the optimal distribution of mechanical stresses in the surrounding bone. It is for this reason that the search for reasonable solutions to compensate the damaged knee prosthesis and reduce the stresses in the cortical bone and spongy has become a very important research axis. In this regard, we have proposed three models of prosthesis knee joint from available literature and study the distribution of Von-Mises stresses and strains in the differents composents of knee prosthesis, know the total displacement between the model intact and model artificial of knee, 3D modeling software Solidworks 2016 is used for 3D modeling of knee prosthesis and finite element analysis software ANSYS 16.2 is used for numerical estimation of von-Mises stresses and strains. We find in this study that the maximum stresses and strains of Von Mises at the level of the tibia and tibial bone decrease, that is to say that the cement and the elastomer play a very important role in the absorption of the stresses and their minimization. On the other hand, the four knee prostheses (Model I (Ti6Al4V), Model II (CoCrMo), Model III (316L SS), Model IV (ZrO2)) implanted by elastomer contribute significantly to the reduction of stresses in the patella bone compared to the Intact Model. In general, both models of the knee prosthesis and reinforced by a stress reduction system (cement, elastomer) gave a lower stress level in the tibia and tibial bone of a normal person compared to a healthy model. The results obtained provide a theoretical basis for choosing an appropriate surgical model.

Investigation of Mechanical Behaviour of the Bone Cement (PMMA) under Combined Shear and Compression Loading

“…On one hand, the stresses can be generated separately named as tensile, compressive and shear; on other hand, by a combination as an equivalent von mises stresses. The equivalent von mises stresses take into consideration the entire stress zone, which is frequently used as a factor indicating a possible damage existence [30][31][32]. However, the mechanical characterization of PMMA response under simple or complex strain relies on a unique method for the combination techniques, to perform numerical analysis.…”

Intramedullary nailing at different distal tibial fracture levels: A biomechanical study

“…In recent years, studies related to biomaterials, biomedical engineering, and innovative technologies including finite element analysis and biomechanics have been increasing in orthopedics [28,29] and also comparative studies are being conducted, especially in orthopedics, regarding fixation options. [15,16,20,30] We believe that this biomechanical study we conducted will guide surgeons in clinical practice and shed light on future studies related to this topic.…”

Relevance of Finite Element in Total Knee Arthroplasty - Literature Review

“…Mestar et al (10) propose a different approach for the orthopaedic surgeons in order to determine an optimal surgical model. It tests physiological forces and stress on both a normal knee and the models of knee prosthesis to show that by using materials such as elastomer and cement, the stress decreases, because those materials absorb more stress.…”