Development and validation of an adolescent smoking consequences questionnaire

Abstract

Several researchers have investigated the role of outcome expectancies in the initiation and maintenance of smoking behavior. Empirical studies with adults, using a validated self-report instrument, have shown that smokers identify higher levels of positive smoking expectancies and lower levels of negative smoking expectancies compared with nonsmokers and ex-smokers. Studies examining smoking outcome expectancies among adolescents have yielded similar findings, but many of these studies did not use a self-report expectancy measure validated with teens. Therefore, the present study sought to modify a well-known adult smoking expectancy instrument, the Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (SCQ), and to validate its factor structure with a community sample of adolescent nonsmokers and current smokers (aged 11-19 years). Results of a confirmatory factor analysis provided support for a seven-latent-factor structure modeled after the SCQ-Adult. As expected, smoking behavior and the intent to smoke in the future were associated with the endorsement of positive and negative smoking outcome expectancies. The psychometric data provide early support for the validity and reliability of this modified SCQ, renamed the Adolescent Smoking Consequences Questionnaire, for the assessment of smoking expectancies among smoking inexperienced and experienced teens.

Smoking, arousal, and affect: The role of anxiety sensitivity

“…Indeed, a common expectation of both adult (Copeland, Brandon, & Quinn, 1995) and adolescent (Lewis-Esquerre, Rodrigue, & Kahler, 2005) smokers is that smoking somehow alleviates negative affect. Yet, studies examining the direct effects of smoking on negative affect have provided mixed results.…”

The Smoking Consequences Questionnaire: Factor structure and predictive validity among Spanish-speaking Latino smokers in the United States

“…Since the SCQ was introduced, several versions have been developed and validated for use with specifi c populations ( Cepeda-Benito & Ferrer, 2000 ;Copeland et al, 1995 ;Lewis-Esquerre, Rodrigue, & Kahler, 2005 ;Myers, McCarthy, MacPherson, & Brown, 2003 ). The original SCQ was developed with college students ( Brandon & Baker ) and comprises four factors: Negative Conse quences, Positive Reinforcement-Sensory Satisfaction, Negative Reinforcement-Negative Affect Reduction, and Appetite-Weight Control.…”

Smoking outcome expectancies mediate the association between sensation seeking, peer smoking, and smoking among young adolescents

“…Several studies have demonstrated that smoking outcome expectancies predict smoking-related behaviors in both adults ( Brandon & Baker, 1991 ;Copeland, Brandon, & Quinn, 1995 ) and adolescents ( Anderson, Pollak, & Wetter, 2002 ;Hine, Honan, Marks, & Brettschneider, 2007 ;Lewis-Esquerre, Rodrigue, & Kahler, 2005 ;Wahl, Turner, Mermelstein, & Flay, 2005 ); however, there is a debate when it comes to identifying the number and content of outcome expectancy factors. Smoking outcome expectancies can be defi ned as beliefs about the possible effects associated with smoking on behavior, cognition, moods, and emotions.…”