Development and validation of an isotope dilution ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the reliable quantification of 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) and 14 other explosives and their degradation products in environmental water samples

Schramm, Sébastien; Léonço, Daniel; Hubert, Cécile; Tabet, Jean‐Claude; Bridoux, Maxime C.

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.063

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Similarly, for the analysis of a 1 ppm TATB standard (MW 258 Da), a base peak was observed at m/z 257 corresponding to the loss of a proton to form [M − H] − ions (data not shown). A similar abstractive proton transfer mechanism has been previously reported for the analysis of TATB in environmental water samples by APCI-LC/MS 27. Each of the nitroester and nitroanime explosives evaluated in this study was found to ionize primarily through the formation of halogen adduct ions.…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

“…This could in turn limit analyte ionization efficiency should an excess population of charged reagent species no longer be provided. Chlorine adduct ions have been observed for the analysis of nitroester and nitramine explosives using alternative gas‐phase ionization methods such as SESI and APCI . In SESI, a small quantity of hydrochloric acid may be added to the electrospray solvent in order to seed the ionization region with chlorine reagent ions, enabling the formation of [M + Cl] − adduct ions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the analyte ion current may be distributed across many fragmentation pathways, complicating the product ion spectrum and possibly reducing method sensitivity for any of the unique analyte ions selected. Schramm et al reported a similar product ion collision‐induced dissociation (CID) character for the analysis of TATB by APCI‐LC/MS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figure 3D, a mass spectrum is provided for the infusion of a ionization methods such as SESI and APCI. 12,27 In SESI, a small quantity of hydrochloric acid may be added to the electrospray solvent in order to seed the ionization region with chlorine reagent emitted from a solid sample contained within a sealed 120-mL plastic urine collection container, and then placed inside a cardboard box. Air headspace from within the box was collected using the HVS for 1 min at a flow rate of 40 SCFH (~19 L/min).…”

Section: Ionizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid detection of explosive vapors by thermal desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization differential mobility analysis tandem mass spectrometry

McCulloch

Amo‐González²

2019

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale The increased frequency in the number of international terror threats has led to a corresponding increase in demand for fast, sensitive and reliable screening methods suitable for the detection of airborne explosive vapors. We demonstrate herein a workflow suitable for the determination of nitrogen‐based explosives at the picogram level in just minutes. Methods A method is described that combines Thermal Desorption (TD) sample introduction with Differential Mobility Analysis (DMA) Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS), enabling a sensitive and accurate workflow suitable for the rapid detection of trace nitroaromatic, nitroester and nitramine explosive vapors. The methods are bridged using a novel low‐flow, field‐free Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization (APPI) source, intended specifically for the analysis of gas‐phase analytes and airborne particles. Results Limits of detection within or below the picogram range were determined for the analysis of a range of explosives standards including 2,6‐DNT, TNT, TATB, Tetryl, RDX, EGDN, PETN, HMX, and NG. Practical application of the TD‐APPI‐DMA‐MS/MS workflow was demonstrated for the detection of real trace explosive vapors produced from the volatilization of solid explosive samples stored within a sealed cardboard box. A single complete analysis was performed in less than 2 min. Conclusions The highly sensitive and accurate detection of a variety of common nitrogen‐based explosive vapors has been demonstrated, at levels suitable for practical, high‐throughput security screening applications.

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supporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ionizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid detection of explosive vapors by thermal desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization differential mobility analysis tandem mass spectrometry

McCulloch

Amo‐González²

2019

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…UHPLC, when combined with mass spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), makes the instrument a powerful tool regarding selectivity and sensitivity. Schramm et al [86] developed a hyphenated method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS). Fifteen nitro explosives were successfully detected at very low concentration (0.3-0.5 ppb) and their degradation products in environmental water samples.…”

Section: High Performance Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

MJAS

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The growing threat of terrorism activities has caused an urgent need of improved forensic explosive analysis. Complex matrices, limited samples, and ambiguous interpretations serve as challenges for a forensic chemist in order to link the evidence to the perpetrator of the crime. This review focuses on three aspects namely screening techniques, extraction techniques, and instrumental techniques. For the screening techniques, this review focuses on fast detection based on chemical respond for preand post-explosion residues. Different types of extraction methods including swabbing technique, solid phase extraction, and solid phase microextraction were discussed. Instrumental techniques covered in this review included gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. AbstrakPeningkatan ancaman aktiviti keganasan telah membawa kesedaran akan perlunya penambahbaikan dalam analisis forensik. Matriks sampel yang kompleks, sampel terhad dan penafsiran yang tidak jelas menjadi satu cabaran dalam bidang kimia forensik untuk mengaitkan antara bahan bukti dan pelaku jenayah. Ulasan ini akan memberi tumpuan kepada tiga bahagian iaitu teknik saringan, teknik pengekstrakan dan teknik instrumen. Untuk kaedah saringan, kajian ini akan memberi tumpuan kepada pengesanan pantas residu letupan berdasarkan tindak balas kimia untuk sebelum dan selepas letupan. Pelbagai jenis kaedah pengekstrakan dibincangkan termasuk teknik sapuan, pengekstrakan fasa pepejal, dan pengekstrakan fasa pepejal mikro. Teknik peralatan yang akan dibincangkan dalam ulasan ini pula melibatkan kromatografi gas, kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi, kromatografi ion dan elektroforesis rerambut.

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Trends in environmental monitoring of high explosives present in soil/sediment/groundwater using LC‐MS/MS

Celin

Sharma

Bhanot

et al. 2022

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Environmental contamination by explosives occurs due to improper handling and disposal procedures. Explosives and their transformation products pose threat to human health and the ecosystem. Trace level detection of explosives present in different environmental matrices is a challenge, due to the interference caused by matrix components and the presence of cocontaminants. Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is an advanced analytical tool, which is ideal for quantitative and qualitative detection of explosives and its metabolites at trace levels. This review aims to showcase the current trends in the application of LC‐MS/MS for detecting explosives present in soil, sediment, and groundwater with detection limits ranging from nano to femtogram levels. Specificity and advantages of using LC‐MS/MS over conventional analytical methods and various processing methods and techniques used for sample preparation are discussed in this article. Important application aspects of LC‐MS/MS on environmental monitoring include site characterization and degradation evaluation. Studies on qualitative and quantitative LC‐MS/MS analysis in determining the efficiency of treatment processes and contamination mapping, optimized conditions of LC and MS/MS adopted, role of different ionization techniques and mass analyzers in detection of explosives and its metabolites, relative abundance of various product ions formed on dissociation and the levels of detection achieved are reviewed. Ionization suppression, matrix effect, additive selection are some of the major factors which influence MS/MS detection. A summary of challenges and future research insights for effective utilization of this technique in the environmental monitoring of explosives are presented.

show abstract

Development and validation of an isotope dilution ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the reliable quantification of 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) and 14 other explosives and their degradation products in environmental water samples

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Rapid detection of explosive vapors by thermal desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization differential mobility analysis tandem mass spectrometry

Rapid detection of explosive vapors by thermal desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization differential mobility analysis tandem mass spectrometry

Untitled

Trends in environmental monitoring of high explosives present in soil/sediment/groundwater using LC‐MS/MS

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