Development and validation of efficient stable isotope dilution LC–HESI–MS/MS method for the verification of β-lyase metabolites in human urine after sulfur mustard exposure

Applying human and pig hepatic in vitro experiments for sulfur mustard study: Screening and identification of metabolites by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

“…The reported limits of quantitation (LOQs) of the validated analytical methods for SBMTE are 0.08 ng/mL for GC/MS/MS and 0.1 ng/mL for LC/MS/MS analysis. In addition, LOQs for validated β‐lyase metabolites using the LC/MS/MS method are 10 ng/mL and 11 ng/mL for SBMSE and MSMTESE, respectively . These urine metabolites have been found from human casualties 1–11 days after the sulfur mustard exposure.…”

“…Analytical methods for detecting GSH‐derived or oxidized metabolites of sulfur mustard using gas or liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS, LC/MS) have been previously developed. These studies concentrate on the analysis of β‐lyase metabolites (MSMTESE, 1‐methylsulfinyl‐2‐[2‐(methylthio)ethylsulfonyl]ethane (2) and SBMSE, 1,1'‐sulfonylbis[2‐(methylsulfinyl)ethane]) (3)) or their reduced form (SBMTE, 1,1'‐sulfonylbis[2‐(methylthio)ethane), thiodiglycol (TDG, 2‐(2‐hydroxyethylsulfanyl)ethanol) and bis( N ‐acetylcysteine) conjugate), all of which have been found in human urine after exposure to sulfur mustard . The reported limits of quantitation (LOQs) of the validated analytical methods for SBMTE are 0.08 ng/mL for GC/MS/MS and 0.1 ng/mL for LC/MS/MS analysis.…”

“…In addition, LOQs for validated β-lyase metabolites using the LC/MS/MS method are 10 ng/mL and 11 ng/mL for SBMSE and MSMTESE, respectively. [20] These urine metabolites have been found from human casualties 1-11 days after the sulfur mustard exposure. The concentrations for TDG, β-lyase metabolites and bis(N-acetylcysteine) conjugate have been reported at 50 ng/mL, 41 ng/mL and 3.1 ng/mL, respectively, on the second day after exposure.…”

Glutathione conjugation of nitrogen mustards: In vitro study

“…[5][6][7][8][9][10] However, the methods for analysing protein and DNA adducts of NMs are preferable as they are stable from several weeks to months after exposure. 11,12 For sulphur mustard (SM), several methods were developed to determine β-lyase metabolites [13][14][15][16][17] for urine samples. Therefore, one option to detect NMs in biomedical samples is to study their conjugation with GSH.…”

Sulfur mustard induced nuclear translocation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH)

“…With regard to SM, some blood-sample based biomarkers are already established that can reliably indicate an exposure to SM [9][10][11][12][13]. In addition, comprehensive analyses of proteins and posttranslational protein modifications have contributed to unveil the complex pathophysiology of SM and have given new impulses for the development of new potential therapeutic measurements [14][15][16].…”